Mi 

*% |  THE 

%  HUSBANDMAN 


AND 


HOUSEWIFE 


VALUABI      R 


^^^■r  of 
ES    AND  DIRECTIONS, 


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tjAGPlCULTnk      AAi. 
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:  £COAOMF. 


TH 


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EESSENDEN. 


|     Boj 

**nd  lh< •.:  a 

exp»4icnts  and  contrivance 
e  hands,  were  l>      i        .   v         .mmunicatSon! 

i-wn;  for  theie  •■■      :    i  fl  that  a'r 

y     *\e  or  other  with  some  peculiar 
,»  sin;  V  ~c, little  iinportance,  would,  b>  and  conci 

*  ret\,  - 1  lpe»i  new  inlets  (o  !;rt  ,nd  give  new  powers  I 

... 


iot  perform 
ivhich  thoi 


2FXL0W>;  Fa^IS  : 

TAINTED  BY  BIIX  BLAKE  &  CO 

1820. 


,  i 


THE 

HUSBANDMAN 

AND 

HOUSEWIFE-- 

A  COLLECTION  OF 

VALUABLE  RECIPES  AND  DIRECTIONS, 

RELATING  TO 

AGRICULTURE  AND  DOMESTIC  ECONOMY. 


BY  THOMAS  G.  FESSENDEN. 


Boyle  has  observed,  that  the  excellency  of  manufacture*, 
and  the  facility  of  labour  would  be  much  promoted  if  the  vari- 
ous expedients  and  contrivances,  which  lie  concealed  in  pri- 
vate hands,  were  by  reciprocal  communications  made  generally 
known ;  for  there  are  few  operations  that  are  not  performed 
by  one  or  other  with  some  peculiar  advantages,  which  though 
siri'Jty  of  little  importance,  would,  by  conjunction  and  concur- 
rence, open  new  inlets  to  knowledge,  and  give  new  powers  to 
diligence Johnson. 


BELLOWS  FALLS  : 

PR.INTED  BY  BILL  BLAKE  &  CO. 

18,20. 


DISTRICT  OF  VERMONT,  TO  WIT-. 

#wv«.-^  BE  it  remembered,  that  on  the  twenty  third  day  of 
I  Seal.  \  ^a^  in  tne  f°rty  fourth  year  of  the  Independence 
"  *  of  the  United  States  of  America,  Thomas  G.  Fes- 
^*^w-#  genden,  esquire,  of  said  District,  hath  deposited  in 
this  Office  the  title  of  a  book,  the  right  whereof  he  claims  as 
author,  in  the  words  following,  to  wit : 

"The  Husbandman  and  Housewife :  a  collection  of  valuable 
recipes  and  directions,  relating  to  agriculture  and  domestic 
economy.  By  Thomas  G.  Fessenden.  'Boyle  has  observed, 
that  the  excellency' of  manufactures,  and  the  facility  of  labour 
would  be  much  promoted,  if  the  various  expedients  and  con- 
trivances which  lie  concealed  in  private  hands,  were  by  recip- 
rocal communications  made  generally  known ;  for,  there  are 
few  operations,  that  are  not  performed  by  one  or  other  with 
some  peculiar  advantages,  wnich  though  singly  of  little  impor- 
tance, would,  by  conjunction  and  concurrence,  open  new  m^ 
Jets  to  knowledge,  and  give  new  powers  to  diligence'....  John- 
son.'" 

In  conformity  to  the  act  of  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States,  entitled  "an  act  for  the  encouragement  of  learning, 
by  securing  the  copies  of  maps,  charts,  and  books  to  the 
authors  and  proprietors  of  such  copies,  during  the  times 
therein  mentioned." 

JESSE  GOVE, 

Clerk  of  the  District  of  Vermont. 

District  Clerk's  Office,  1 
Vermont  District,  to  wit:  > 
May  23,  A.  D,  1320.        ) 

I  hereby  certify  that  the  preceding  is  a  true  Copy  of  the 
record  of  the  preceding  title  page, 

J.  GOVE,  Clerk. 


fL) 
PREFACE. 

THE  following  little  work  has  no  other  claims  to 
public  patronage  than  what  may  originate  in  its  utility. 
The  author  has  compiled  from  a  great  number  of 
volumes,  written  by  men  of  acknowledged  merit  and 
standard  authority,  those  directions  and  prescriptions, 
which  it  appeared  to  him  might  most  benefit  the 
largest  proportion  of  mankind;  and  he  has  arranged 
them  alphabetically,  that  they  may  be  the  more  easily 
referred  to  in  cases  of  emergency,  or  in  the  hurry  of 
business  Many  of  the  articles,  however,  he  believes, 
have  never  before  appeared  in  print,  and  are  either 
derived  from  personal  observation,  or  been  furnished 
by  the  author's  friends,  with  a  view  to  publication, 
Several  of  the  contributors  alluded  to  are  medical  men, 
of  regular  standing,  and  established  reputation.  These 
gentlemen  could  have  no  other  motive  in  affording 
their  valuable  assistance  than  what  one  of  them  has 
expressed  in  a  communication  to  the  compiler,  viz.  "a 
wish  to  contribute  to  the  ameliorating  of  the  condition 
of  man."  The  same  gentleman  observes,  in  forming 
these  recipes  I  have  attended  solely  to  such  as  would 
be  of  use  to  the  mass  of  the  people.  Therefore  I 
have  avoided  any  composition,  into  which  any  ingredi- 
ents entered,  which  were  not  familiar  and  accessible  to 


iv  PREFACE. 

the  great  body  of  the  community  ;  and  also  any  which 
might  be  dangerous  in  the  hands  of  persons,  unac- 
quainted with  the  science  of  medicine. 

It  is  not  our  wish  by  the  following  compilation  to 
furnish  weapons  for  quacks,  or  infringe  upon  the  pro- 
vince  of  the  regular  bred  physician.     But  our  object 
is  to  suggest  simple  remedies,  for  common  disorders, 
where  the  symptoms  admit  of  no  doubt  respecting  the 
nature  of  the  complaint,  and  where  the  advice  of  a 
medical  practitioner  cannot  readily  or  immediately  be 
procured.     On  the  contrary  we  would  not  advise  any 
person  to  rely  upon  our  recipes,  where  the  disorder 
appears  to  be  acute,  or  its  symptoms  equivocal,  but  im- 
mediately to  have  recourse  to  a  regular  and  professed 
physician.     The  author  does  not  pretend  that  his  re- 
cipes are  all  infallible  specifics  in  the  disorders  for 
which  they  are  recommended.     In  some  cases  they 
may  effect  a  cure,  in  others,  serve  merely  as  pallia- 
tives, and    give  temporary   relief  till  more   effectual 
means  can  be  employed  under  the  direction  of  a  regu- 
lar practitioner. 

Those  articles,  which  relate  to  Agriculture  and  Do- 
mistic  Economy  it  is  hoped  will  prove  universally  ac- 
ceptable. Some  of  our  readers  may  be  in  possession 
of  better  means  for  effecting  the  ends  proposed  by 
our  directions.  To  such  our  suggestions  can  do  no 
karm,  and  to  others  they  may  prove  valuable. 


THE 


HUSBANDMAN  AND  HOUSEWIFE. 


ANTS. 

WHEN  you  find  ants  in  quantities  near  home  pour 
hot  water  on  them.  The  farmer  when  he  manures 
his  land,  if  he  uses  ashes,  lime  or  salt  sand,  will  not  be 
troubled  with  tho*e  insects.  Dr.  Rees"  Cyclopaedia 
recommends  boiling  rain  water  with  black  soap,  and 
sulphur,  and  saturating  the  ground  with  it,  which  is 
infested  with  those  insects. 


APPLES. 

TO  preserve  apples  for  winter's  use  let  them 
remain  on  the  trees  till  perfectly  ripe.  Then  gather 
them  by  hand,  about  the  middle  of  the  day  in  clear  dry 
weather.  Spread  them  on  a  fl«or,  and  let  them  he  till 
about  the  last  of  November,  or  till  there  is  danger  of 
their  leing  injured  by  the  frost.  And  in  dry  weather 
remove  them  into  ca.«ks  or  boxes,  which  have  previ- 
ously been  made  free  from  mould  or  moisture  and 
place  them  if.  a  cellar  out  of  the  reach  of  frost.  They 
may  be  packed  in  dry  saw  dust  or  shavings  of  pine  in 
order  to  ensure  their  preservation, 
B 


«  A  P  P— A  S  T 

APPLE  TREE. 

TO  propagate  apple  trees  sow  the  pumice  from 
cider  mills,  digging  it  into  the  earth  in  autumn.  The 
plants  mil  come  up  in  the  spring  following'  The  n«jxt 
autumn  they  should  be  transplanted  from  the  seed  bed 
into  the  nursery,  in  rows  from  two  to  three  feet  apart, 
and  one  foot  in  the  rows.  The  ground  for  a  nursery 
should  not  be  very  rich  but  mellow  and  well  pulveris- 
ed, and  kept  clear  of  weeds.  The  young  trees,  on 
"being  transplanted  into  orchards  should  be  put  into 
Ticher  land  than  that  to  which  they  have  been  accus- 
tomed. 

The  best  mode  of  setting  out  Apple  Trees  and  other  Fruit 
Trees  on  a  light  soil. 

DIG  a  hole  sufficiently  large  to  prevent  the  root 
of  the  tree  when  it  is  to  be  transplanted  from  being 
doubled  or  placed  in  an  unnatural  position,  and  to  give 
room  for  the  young  shoots  to  extend  themselves. 
Place  about  the  roots  of  each  tree,  together  with 
the  mould,  about  half  a  bushel  of  small  stones,  the  size 
of  an  ordinary  apple,  or  somewhat  less,  which  wili  sixe 
stability  to  the  soil,  and  prevent  the  roots  from  being 
loosened  by  the  wind. 


ASTHMA. 

TO  cure  asthma  take  of  powdered  columbo  2 
tlrachms,  powdered  ginger  2  drachms,  camomile  fioiv- 
ers  l  ounce.  Pour  a  pint  and  an  haif  of  boiling  water 
on  the  above  ingredients  Take  four  table  spooutuls 
of  this  liquor  cold  in  the  morning  and  at  mid-day. 

Another  Remedy. 

MIX  4  ounces  of  honey,  2  ounces  of  flour  of 


BAR  7 

brimstone ;  1  ounce  of  cream  of  tartar,  1-4  of  an  ounce 
of  nitre.     Take  a  teaspoonful  often. 


Another. 

CUT  Turkey  figs  in  half;  put  a  spoonful  of  sul- 
phur inside  and  eat  them  in  that  state. 


BARLEY. 

TO  increase  a  crop  of  barley  dissolve  three 
pounds  of  copperas  in  a  pail  of  boiling  water.  Add  to 
this  as  much  dung  puddle  water  as  will  cover  three  or 
four  bushels  of  barley.  £tir  it.  and  let  it  steej  four 
and  twenty  hours  ;  whetf  the  seed  is  drained  and 
spread,  sift  on  fine  lime,  which  fits  it  for  sowing. 
Steeping  the  seed  about  24  hours  in  the  wash  of  a 
dunghill,  without  any  mixture  is  said  to  produce  a 
yery  good  effect. 


BARN-YARD. 

A  BARN- YARD  should  have  a  high,  close  and 
strong  fence  ;  be  lowest  in  the  middle,  and  so  hjgh  in 
all  sides  that  the  greatest  rams  cannot  carry  away  any 
of  the  manure.  If  not  properly  shaped  by  nature  it 
niav  be  done  by  art.  and  if  the  soil  be  too  loose  to  re- 
tain the  manure  a  few  loads  of  clay  should  be  spread 
over  its  surface.  The  cattle  should  be  kept  constantly 
on  the  barn-yard  during  the  foddering  season,  and  for 
that  purpose  water  should  be  introduced.  There 
should  b-  Several  yards  v^here  different  sorts  of  cattle 
an  kept.  The  sheep  should  have  a  yard  by  themselves 
at  least,  and  the  young  stock  another,  that  each  kind 
may  have  their  proper  sort  of  food. 


e  BEA 

After  the  yard  is  cleaned  in  the  spring  the  farmer 
should  embrace  the  first  leisure  he  has  to  store  it  with 
materials  for  making  manure,  such  as  swamp  mud, 
clay,  hrick  dust,  straw,  fern  or  brakes,  weed*,  leaves 
of  trees,  turfs,  marsh  mud,  eel  grass,  or  even  sand  or 
loam. 


BEANS. 

THE  following  mode  of  planting  beans  has  been 
recommended  by  an  English  writer.  The  rows  are 
marked  out  one  foot  asunder,  and  the  seed  planted  in 
holes  two  inches  apart  :  the  lines  are  stretched  across 
the  lands,  which  are  formed  about  6  feet  over,  so  that 
when  one  row  is  planted,  the  sticks  to  which  the  line 
is  fastened,  are  moved  by  a  regular  measurement  to  the 
distance  required,  and  the  same  method,  pursued  till 
the  field  is  completed.  The  usual  price  for  this  work 
is  9d.  sterling  per  week,  and  the  allowance  two  bushels 
per  acre." 

Sir  John  Sinclair  in  his  "Code  of  Agriculture"  recom- 
mends cutting  the  tops  of  beans  in  order  to  a'  celera'te 
their  podding.  This  eminent  writer  informs  us  that 
"it  was  begun  about  the  year  1804,  and  has  already 
been  tried  on  more  than  200  acres.  The  operation  is 
performed  by  means  of  a  sharp  edged  instrument  or 
knife,  12  or  14  inches  long  exclusive  of  the  handle  ; 
but  it  may  be  done  by  a  sickle  or  reaping  hook.  The 
expense  has  never  exceeded  3s  per  acre  and  it  is 
done  by  contract.  At  a  certain  stage  of  it*  growth  the 
head  of  the  bean  stalk  does  not  seem  esspntial  to  the 
purpose  of  vegetation,  but  by  its  luxuriance  to  exhaust 
the  strength  of  the  plant.  The  proper  time  to  cut 
them  off,  is,  when  the  fir«t  blossoms  begin  to  drop  :  if 
done  sooner  a  fresh  shoot  will  put  forth.  As  soon  as 
the  tops  are  cut  off  the  pods  rapidly  increase  in  size, 
and  the  period  of  ripening  is  accelerated.     The  time- 


B  E  D— B E  E  9 

ly  removal  of  these  parts,  where  the  insects  chiefly 
lodge,  materially  contributes  to  the  health  and  vigour 
of  the  plant,  and  probably  increases  the  weight  of  the 
crop  The  harvest  is  by  this  means  advanced  at  least 
a  fortnight.  In  the  ordinary  mode  of  managing  a  bean, 
crop,  their  tops  are  green  when  reaped,  consequently 
they  absorb  and  retain  moisture  and  require  a  conside- 
rable exposure  in  the  field  to  prepare  them  for  the 
stack  ;  whereas  without  their  tops,  the  crop  is  sooner 
in  a  condition  to  be  carried  and  less  risk  is  incurred 
from  the  effects  of  frost  and  wet  seasons,  The  tops 
are  left  to  rot  on  the  ground." 


BED  BUGS. 

TAKE  a  quantity  of  fourth  proof  spirits  and  as 
much  pearl  ash  as  will  dissolve  in  it  ;  put  it  in  every 
crack  and  hole  in  the  bed  stead  and  wash  board  ;  also 
take  a  clean  strip  of  linen  or  muslin  ;  wet  it  with  the 
liquor,  and  put  it  round  the  bed  post  close  to  the  floor. 

Or,  make  a  decoction  of  sassafras  bark  or  root,  not 
so  strong  as  to  stain  the  furniture,  and  scald  the  wain- 
scoting of  your  rooms,  once  a  year. 

Or,  dissolve  camphor  in  strong  spirits  and  apply  the 
solution. 

Or,  it  has  been  said  that  the  juice  of  cucumbers  will 
destroy  bed  bugs. 

Or,  simple  clear  strong  lime  water,  it  is  affirmed  will 
be  as  effectual  as  any  of  the  above. 


BEEP. 

Mode  of  preserving.    See  Meat. 
b  2 


10  BEE 

beer — Spruce. 

TAKE  a  sufficient  quantity  of  spruce  boughs  ;  boil 
them  in  water  about  half* an  hour,  or  till  the  outward 
skin  or  rhid  peels  off;  strain  the  liquor,  and  stir  in  at 
the  rate  of  two  quarts  of  molasses  to  half  a  barrel. 
Work  it  with  beer  grounds  or  emptyings,  or  rather 
with  3' east. 

Molasses  Beer. 

T^AKE  four  quarts  of  molasses,  half  a  pint  of  yeast, 
and  a  spoonful  of  powdered  race  ginger  :  Put  these 
ingredients  into  your  vessel,  and  pour  on  them  two 
gallons  of  scalding  hot,  soft  clear  water; — Shake  it 
till  it  ferments;  and  add  thirteen  gallons  of  the  same 
water  to  fill  up  the  cask.  Let  the  liquor  ferment  lor 
about  twelve  hours,  then  bottle  it  off  with  a  raisin  or 
two  in  each  bottle. 

Jl  good  Household  Beer. 

TAKE  a  heaped  half  peck  of  wheat  bran,  and  three 
or  four  ounces  of  hops  :  Boil  them  a  quarter  of  an  hour 
in  fifteen  gallons  of  clear  water:  strain  the  liquor 
through  a  close  sieve,  and  sweeten  it  with  two  quarts 
of  mola-ses*  cool  it  quick  till  it  is  uo  warmer  than  neflr 
milk,  and  fill  your  half  barrel  Warm  water  may  be 
us^d  to  fill  up  the  cask  if  needful.  Leave  the  bung  out 
for  24  hours,  that  the  drink  may  work  and  throw  off 
the  yeast,  and  it  will  be  fit  for  use.  About  th'e  fourth 
or  fifth  day,  bottle  off  what  remains  in  the  vessel,  es- 
pecially if  the  weather  be  hot,  that  it  may  not  turn 
sour  or  stale,  if  the  cask  be  new,  or  not  before  used 
for  beer,  apply  yest  or  beer  grounds  to  ferment  it ; 
otherwise  it  will  not  be  necessary. 

The  practice  whi^h  is  common  of  fermenting  our 
small  drinks  with  the  sedmienw  or  dregs  of  the  same 


BEE  11 

eught  to  be    abandoned  ;    for  this   is  the   foulest  and 
most  unwholesome  excrement  ot  the  iiq'ior. 

To  cure  a  butt  cf  ropy  Beer, 

MIX  two  handfulls  of  bean  flour  with   one  handful 
of  wheat  flour  and  stir  it  in. 

To  feed  and  give  a  jinejlavtur  to  a  barr  I  of  Beer. 

PUT  six  sea  biscuits  into  a  bag  of  hops,  and  put 
all  into  the  ca-k. 

Pea-pods  in  Bee^. 

THE  pods  of  peas,  after  being  dried  it  is  said  are 
excellent  in  beer,  affording  spirit  to  ihe  beer. 


BEES. 

To  preserve  bees  from  worms  or  luVerfl'cs, 

ABOUT  the  first  of  May.  raise  the  hive  up,  and 
strew  some  fine  salt  under  ihe  edge,  which  will  drive 
those  insects  away. 

A  method  of  taking   the   honey   without  destroying   the 
Eees.     From  the  American  Farmer. 

IN  the  evening,  wh^n  the  bees  have  retired,  take 
the  hive  gently  from  the  stand  ;  spread  a  table  cloth  on 
the  ground;  set  the  hive  on  it,  placing  something  un- 
der to  rai*e  it  three  or  four  inches;  then  dra.v  up  the 
corners  of  the  cloth,  and  fasten  them  tight  around  :he 
middle  of  the  hive,  leaving  it  so  loose  below  that  the 
bees  will  have  room  sufficient  between  thj  n  and  the 
hive. — Then  raisp-  th^  lid  of  the  hive  a  little,  an  I  blow 
in  the  smoke  from  a  cigar;  a  few  puffs  of  wiucn  as  it 


12  BEL 

is  very  disagreeable  to  them  will  drive  them  down. — 
Continue  raising  the  lid  gradually,  and  blowing  in  the 
smoke  all  around,  and  in  a  few  minutes  it  will  be  found 
that  they  have  all  gone  out  of  the  hive.  You  may  then 
take  off  the  lid,  and  cut  away  as  much  of  the  honey  as 
you  think  proper.  If  the  operation  be  performed  the 
beginning  of  July,  you  may  take  nearly  all,  as  there 
will  be  time  enough  to  provide  a  sufficiency  for  their 
support,  during  the  winter.  As  soon  as  you  have  taken 
the  honey,  put  on  the  lid,  loosen  the  cloth,  and  spread 
it  out,  and  in  an  hour  or  two  the  bees  will  have  return- 
ed into  the  hive.  It  may  then  be  replaced  on  the  stand, 
and  on  the  following  day  they  will  be  found  at  work 
as  usual. 

This  method  is  very  simple,  and  preferable  to  driv- 
ing the  bees  into  another  hive  ;  as  you  get  all  the  ho- 
ney, and  the  new  comb,  which  is  still  empty,  and  the 
young  bees,  not  yet  out  of  their  cells  are  preserved. 

bees — Sting  of. 

THE  application  of  laudanum  gives  immediate  re- 
lief. 

Another  Remedy. 

THE  sting  of  a  bee  should  be  immediately  extract- 
ed with  a  steady  hand,  for  if  any  part  of  it  breaks  in 
remedies  will  in  a  great  measure  be  ineffectual  For 
a  remedy,  the  application  of  a  strong  solution  of  salt  is 
said  to  be  speedy  and  infallible. 


bells. 

THE  nearer  bells  are  hung  to  the  ground,  other 
thing*  '  eing  equal  the  further  they  can  be  heard. 
t»r.  Fraukiin  has  stated  that  some  years  ago  the  inhab- 


B  L  A— B  0  T  IS 

itants  of  Philadelphia  had  a  new  bell  imported  from 
England,  and  in  order  to  judge  of  the  sound  the  bell 
was  raised  on  a  triangle  in  the  great  street  of  that  city, 
and  struck,  as  it  happened  on  a  market  day  ;  when  the 
people  coming  to  market  were  surprised  on  hearing 
the  sound  of  a  bell  at  a  greater  distance  from  the 
city  than  they  had  ever  heard  any  bell  before.  This 
circumstance  excited  the  attention  of  the  curious  ;  and 
it  was  discovered  that  the  sound  of  the  bell  when  struck 
in  the  street,  reached  nearly  double  the  distance  it  did 
when  raised  in  the  steeple. 

BLACK    TONGUE,    OR    CANKER    IN     HORSES,     HORNED    CATTLE 
AND    SHEEP. 

A  VARIETY  of  remedies  have  been  recommend- 
ed for  this  complaint.  The  following  is  said  to  have 
proved  very  efficacious. 

Wash  and  cleanse  the  mouth  with  sweet  oil,  and  get 
as  much  into  the  horse  as  he  will  swallow,  not  exceed- 
ing one  pint;  then  rub  the  throat  with  Spirits  of  Tur- 
pentine, Sweet  Oil  and  Camphor,  equal  quantities,  and 
well  mixed. 

When  this  disease  makes  it«  appearance  in  the  feet, 
the  hoof  must  he  pared  off  where  it  presses  on  the  ten 
der  parts,  and  the  remainder  of  the  hoof  kept  soft  with 
linseed  oil.  Hot  oils  are  then  to  he  used  to  keep 
down  the  ri-ing  fle^h,  such  as  butter  of  antimony,  vit- 
riol, aqua  fortis,  and  continued  till  the  fungus  is  ^up 
pressed ;  obsprving  to  give  them  purges  often  to 
carry  off  the  humours. 

botts — Preventive  Means. 

SCRAPE  off  the  eggs  of  the  horse  bee.  when,  lai  i 
on   the  horse,  every  eight  or  ten  days  with  a  sharp 


14  BOT 

knife.  This  practice  must  be  continued  during  the 
season  of  them.  The  eggs  should  not  be  scraped  off 
where  the  horse  can  feed,  as  in  that  case  the  young 
botts  may  be  taken  in.  It  is  difficult  to  remove  those 
eggs  which  are  laid  under  the  throat,  with  a  knife,  but 
they  may  be  destroj'ed  with  a  hot  iron  made  for  the 
purpose. 

Palliative  Means. 

BLOOD  letting  and  the  copious  use  of  mild  oils 
will  always  palliate,  and  sometimes  cure  that  disorder. 

Cure. 

A  WRITER  in  the  American  Centinel  gives  the  fol- 
lowing recipes. 

Take  a  table  spoonful  of  unslacked  lime,  and  let  it 
be  given  with  the  water  or  feed  of  a  horse  at  night  and 
morning  for  three  or  four  days,  and  it  will  completely 
expel  the  botts. 

Another  Cure. 

MAKE  a  drench  composed  of  half  a  pint  of  new 
milk,  a  gill  of  molasses  an  ounce  of  copperas,  two  ta- 
ble spoonfuls  of  common  salt,  and  half  a  pint  of  warm 
water.  Give  this  to  the  horse,  once  or  twice  a  day, 
for  a  few  days,  and  it  will  be  sure  to  r&ieve  him. 

But  the  remedy  on  which  we  should  rely  with  the 
most  confidence  is  the  following  which  we  are  toid  Dy 
a  gentleman  of  undoubted  veracity  is 

An  infallible  remedy  for  Botts. 

APPLY  spiri's  of  turpen  ne  to  the  o  .'ride  o'*  the 
breast  and  stomach  of  a  horoe  and   the  bolts  v\  ill  iua- 


BRE  15 

mediately  let  go  their  hold  Our  informant  assures  us, 
that  he  has  seen  horses  which  seemed  to  be  in  the  last 
agoni*  s  wit  -  this  distressing  complaint,  relieved  in- 
stantly and  apparently  restored  to  full  health  in  five 
minutes. 


BREAD. 

THE  carbonate  of  magnesia  of  the  shop*,  when 
well  mixed  with  new  flour,  in  the  proportion  of  from 
20  to  40  grain*  to  a  pound  of  flour  materially  improves 
it  for  the  purpose  of  making  bread.  Loaves,  made 
with  the  addition  of  the  carbonate  of  magnesia,  rise 
well  in  the  oven ;  and  after  being  baked  the  bread  is 
light  and  spongy,  has  a  good  taste,  and  keeps  well.  In 
cases  where  the  new  flour  is  of  an  indifferent  quality, 
from  20  to  30  grains  ot  the  carbonate  of  magnesia  to  a 
pound  of  flour  will  considerably  improve  the  bread. — 
When  the  flour  is  of  the  worst  quality  40  grains  to  a 
pound  of  flour,  is  necessary  to  produce  the  same  effect. 
As  the  improvement  in  the  bread  from  the  new  flour 
depends  upon  the  carbonate  of  magnesia,  it  is  necessa- 
ry tha'  care  should  be  taken  to  mix  it  it  intimately  with 
the  flour  previous  to  making  the  dough.  A  pound  of 
carbonate  of  magnesia  would  be  sufficient  to  mix:  with 
two  hundred  and  fifty-six  pounds  of  new  flour  at  the 
rate  of  30  grains  to  a  pound. 


Method  of  making  good  Bread  at  about  half  the  common 
price. 

BOIL  potatoes  not  quite  so  soft  as  common,  then 
turn  the  water  out  and  let  them  hang  over  the  fire 
and  dry  a  short  time  ;  then  peal  and  mash  th*»m  a«  fine 
as  possible,  then  take  a  small  quantity  of  pearl  ash, 
which  should  be  added  to  new  yea^t,  which  is  working 
briskly;  add  the  potatoes  to  these  ingredients,  and 


16  BUR 

knead  them  together ;  then  add  as  much  rye  meal,  or 
flour  as  you  can  possibly  woik  in — the  whole  should 
be  pounded  together  with  a  pestle  or  something  of  the 
kind  ;  no  water  to  he  added  at  any  time.  After  the 
dough  i«  thus  prepared  let  it  stand  an  hour  and  an  half 
or  two  hours  before  it  is  put  into  the  oven.  Be  par- 
ticular in  following  these  directions  and  you  may  make 
as  good  br^ad  as  can  be  made  from  the  best  rye  and 
1  dian  meal  ;  indeed  many  give  it  the  preference.  It 
d-  e>;  not  >emjiro  quite  so  lon^  a  time  to  bake  as  com- 
n.on  brown  bread. 

Another  improvement  in  making  Bread. 

TO  every  five  pounds  of  flour  add  one  pound  of  rice 
that  has  been  previously  boiled  to  a  jelly  over  a  slow 
fire  ;  then,  when  lukewarm,  add  your  usual  quantity 
oi  yea-t,  and  make  up  vour  bread.  Should  you  judge 
y  ur  jelly  to  be  too  thick  add  lnke-warm  water;  a 
method  by  which  thirty  pounds  of  flour  and  six  of  rice 
produce  eighteen  loaves  each  four  pounds  and  an  half 
weight.  Five  pounds  of  flour  produce  eight  pounds 
of  bread;  hut  with  the  addition  of  a  pound  of  rice 
twelve  and  an  half. 


BURNS    AND   SCALDS. 

PULVERISED  chalk  mixed  with  the  whites  of  eggs 
to  the  consistence  of  cream,  kept  frequently  applied 
to  prevent  its  congealing-,  is  declared  to  be  an  excellent 
remedy  for  burns  and  scalds. 


Another  Remedy, 

A  PLASTER  composed  of  Burgundv  pitch,  beef 
wax,  and  a  little  oil.  Or,  some  say  that  common  tar 
is  the  most  sovereign  remedy  that  can  be  applied. 


£  U  R— B  U  T  M 

Another  Remedy. 

TAKE  a  piece  of  the  thickest  coarse  brown  paper, 
and  dip  it  in  the  best  salad  oil,  then  set  the  paper  on 
fire  and  carefully  preserve  all  the  oil  that  drops  for  use. 

BURNT  CLAY 

IS  an  absorbent  and  acts  much  like  lime  as  a  manure, 
but  not  so  powerfully  the  method  of  burning  it  is 
as  follows  :— Procure  eight  loads  of  clay,  cut  into  spits 
about  as  thick  as  a  brick  ;  let  it  be  pretty  well  dried  in 
the  sun  and  having  made  a  heap  of  brush  and  other 
wood,  coals  or  other  combustibles,  and  laid  one  upon 
another,  about  as  large  as  a  small  bonfire,  in  a  pyra* 
imdical  form,  bring  the  spits  of  clay  and  lay  them 
round  the  same  two  or  three  spits  thick,  leaving 
only  room  to  put  in  the  fire,  and  light  it.  The  clay 
will  soon  take  fire,  and  as  it  advances  outwards 
lay  on  some  more  spits  of  clay,  placing  them  in  sUcb 
a  manner  that  the  fire  may  be  pent  up  within  the 
heap  and  not  suffered  to  go  out.  After  having  burnt 
up  the  eight  loads  of  clay  the  heat  within  will  be  so 
great  as  to  fire  any  thing ;  and  then  you  may  lay  on 
the  clay  green  as  it  u?  dug  from  the  pit,  bein^f  always 
watchful  to  keep  adding  to  it,  but  not  so  fast  as  to 
smother  the  fire.  The  heap  you  may  enlarge  and 
spread  out  at  the  foot,  keeping  (he  fire  constantly 
burning  night  and  day  ;  for  the  larger  the  heap  grows 
the  easier  burns  the  clay  This  is  a  cheap  dressing  for 
all  sorts  of  land,  excepting  perhaps  light  sandy  soils 
and  being  laid  pretty  thick  about  the  roots  of  fruit 
trees  enlarges  multiplies  and  accelerates  the  growth 
of  fruit. 

butter — how  made. 

THE  dairy  house  should  bp  kept  neat,  should  never 
front  the  south,  southeast  or  southwest.     It  should  be 
C 


18  BUT 

situated  near  a  good  spring  or  current  of  water.  'The 
proper  receptacles  for  milk  are  earthen  pans  not 
lined  or  glazed  with  lead,  or  wooden  trays.  In  warm 
weather  milk  should  remain  in  the  pail  till  nearly  cool 
before  it  is  strained,  but  in  frosty  weather  it  should  be 
strained  immediately,  and  a  small  quantity  of  boiling 
water  may  be  mixed  with  it,  which  will  cause  it  to 
produce  cream  in  great  abundance,  and  the  more  so 
if  the  pans  01  vats  have  a  large  surface. 

In  hot  weather  the  cream  should  be  skimmed  from 
the  milk  at  or  before  sunrise,  before  the  dairy  gets 
warm,  nor  should  the  milk,  in  hot  weather  stand  in  its 
receptacles  longer  than  twenty  four  hours.  In  winter, 
milk  may  remain  unskimmed  thirty  six  or  forty  eight 
hours.  The  cream  should  be  deposited  in  a  deep 
pan,  kept  during  summer  in  a  cool  place,  where  a 
free  air  is  admitted.  Unless  churning  is  performed 
every  other  day  the  cream  should  be  shifted  daily  into 
clean  pans,  but  churning  should  be  performed  at  least 
twice  a  week,  in  hot  weather  ;  and  this  should  be  done 
in  the  morning  before  sun  rise,  taking  care  to  fix  the 
churn  where  there  is  a  good  draught  of  air.  If  a  pump 
churn  is  used  it  may  be  plunged  a  foot  deep  in  cold 
water,  and  remain  in  that  situation  during  the  whole 
time  of  churning,  which  will  much  harden  the  butter. 
A  strong  rancid  flavour  will  be  given  to  butter  if  we 
-.hum  so  near  the  fire  as  to  heat  the  wood  in  the  win- 
ter season. 

After  the  butter  is  churned  it  should  immediately  be 
washed  in  many  different  waters,  till  it  is  perfectly 
cleansed  from  the  milk;  and  it  should  be  worked  by 
two  pieces  of  wood,  for  a  warm  hand  will  soften  it, 
and  make  it  appear  greasy. 

Butter  will  require  and  endure  more  working  in 
winter  than  in  summer. 


BUT  19 

Those  who  use  a  pump  churn  must  keep  a  regular 
stroke  :  nor  should  they  permit  any  person  to  assist 
them  unless  they  keep  nearly  the  same  stroke  ;  for  if 
they  churn  more  slowly,  the  butter  will  in  the  winter 
go  back,  as  it  is  called;  and  if  the  stroke  be  more 
quick,  it  will  cause  a  fermentation,  by  which  means 
the  butter  will  acquire  a  very  disagreeable  flavour. 

Cows  should  never  be  suffered  to  drink  improper 
water*;  stagnated  pools,  water  wherein  frogs  spawn, 
common  sewers,  and  ponds  that  receive  the  drainings 
of  stables  are  improper. 

The  operation  of  churning  may  be  very  much 
shortened  by  mixing  a  little  distilled  vinegar  with  the 
cream  in  the  churn  The  butter  being  afterwards  well 
washed  in  two  or  three  changes  of  water.  The  whole 
of  the  acid  will  be  caried  off;  or  if  any  remain  it  will 
not  be  perceived  by  the  taste.  A  table  spoonful  or 
two  of  the  vinegar  to  a  gallon  of  cream. 

To  take  the  rancid  taste  from  Butter. 

WHEN  fresh  butter  has  not  been  salted  in  proper 
time,  or  when  salt  butter  has  become  rancid  or  mustv, 
after  melting  and  simmering  it,  dip  in  it  a  crust  of 
bread  well  toasted  on  both  sides  ;  and  in  a  few  minute,? 
the  butter  will  loose  its  disagreeable  taste. 

Butter  made  from  scalded  Cream. 

AS  soon  as  the  milk  is  taken  from  the  cow  let  it  be 
placed  on  a  steady  wood  fire,  free  as  possible  from, 
smoke,  and  scalded  for  thirty  minutes — particular  care 
must  be  taken  not  to  allow  it  to  boil.  It  must  then  be 
placed  in  a  cool  situation,  and  on  the  following  day  a 
thick  rich  cream  will  appear  on  the  surface  of  the 
mil';  (which  is  excellent  also  for  dessert  purposes)  this 
may  be  taken  off  and  majde  into  butter  in  the  common 


20  CAB 

way.  This  method  is  practiced  in  "England,  and  it  is 
said  that  a  greater  quantity  of  butter,  and  of  a  better 
quality  can  be  made  by  this  than  by  the  common  mode. 

Receipt  for  curing  Butter \ 

TAKE  two  parts  of  the  best  common  salt,  one  part 
•f sugar  and  one  part  salt  petre  ;  put  them  up  together 
so  as  to  blend  the  whole  completely :  take  one  ounce 
©f  this  composition  for  every  sixteen  ounces  of  Butter, 
work  it  well  into  the  mass  and  close  it  up  for  use. 


CABBAGE. 

MANURING  with  ashes  and  lime  has  a  tendency  to 
preserve  cabbages  from  insects  ;  and  to  guard  against 
the  grub  or  black  worm  a  little  circle  of  quick  lime  is 
said  to  be  of  service.  Lice  on  cabbages  may  be  de- 
stroyed by  washing  the  plants  with  strong  brine.  The 
under  leaves  of  cabbages,  when  they  begin  to  decay 
may  be  taken  off  and  made  food  for  cattle,  but  decayed 
leaves  should  never  be  given  to  milch  cows  as  they 
give  the  milk  a  bad  flavour. 

Method  of  preserving  Cabbages,  so  as  to  have  them  good 
in  the  spring. 

[From  the  New- England  Farmer.] 

MAKE  a  trench  in  the  driest  sandy  ground,  nine 
inches  wide,  and  of  equal  depth  ;  in  which,  place  a 
row  of  Cabbages,  with  the  roots  upwards,  contiguous 
to  each  other.  Fill  the  cavities  about  them  with  some 
dry  straw,  and  then  shovel  the  earlh  up  to  the  stalks 
on  each  side,  almost  as  !<igh  as  the  roots,  shaped  like 
the  roof  of  a  house.  The  Cabbages  will  come  out  in 
May  as  sound  as  when  they  were  put  in,  and  the  outer 
green  leaves  will  be  turned  quite  white.  As  they  are 
not  apt  te  keep  well  after  they  are  taken  out,  two  or 


CAN  21 

ihree  at  a  time  may  be  taken  as  they  are  wanted  for 
use,  and  the  breach  immediately  closed  up  with  straw 
and  earth  as  before. 


CANADA  THISTLES. 

MOW  Canada  thistles  in  the  old  of  the  moon  in  Au- 
gust or  any  time  in  that  month  or  in  the  begianing  of 
September,  and  rake  them  into  heaps  and  burn  them. 


CANCER. 

THE  herb  Pipsissawa  called  winter  green,  ever 
green,  winter  berry,  &c.  drank  as  a  strong  tea,  ana*  a 
strong  decoction  applied  externally  has  cured  invete- 
rate cancers  in  about  a  month's  time.  The  application 
of  leaches  is  said  to  have  produced  a  similar  result. 

Another. 

SPREAD  a  plaster  of  shoe  maker's  wax  on  a  linen 
cloth,  the  size  of  the  sore,  with  as  much  corrosive  sub- 
limate as  will  adhere  to  it — Let  this  plaster  be  kept 
on  the  sore  for  twelve  hours — a  large  one  is  necessary 
over  the  small  one  to  keep  it  in  its  place.  After  this 
wash  the  sore  once  a  day  with  poke  root.  It  can 
afterwards  be  treated  as  a  common  sore. 

Aonther. 

FIRST  take  borax,  make  it  a  powder,  and  cover  the 
wound,  then  take  blue  stone*  and  powder  it,  mix  them 
together,  making  wha^is  called  drawing  salve  ;  the 
salve  will  be  blue.  Mix  hog's  lard,  bees  wax  and 
rosin  ;  spread  the  salve  with  lint  and  lay  it  on  the 
wound  ;  let  it  remain  for  three  days  ;  so  continue  it 
till  the  cancer  is  taken  out,  then  dust  in  loaf  sugar, 

*  Blue  vitriol,  or  sulphate  of  copper. 
c  2 


22  U  A  N 

and  every  third  dressing,  put  in  some  burnt  alum  ovei 
the  wound — with  a  soft  rag  every  time  it  is  dressed. 
After  the  cancer  is  taken  out  make  a  healing  salve  of 
fresh  butter,  elder  and  a  little  bees  wax,  and  you  will 
find  the  pjace  become  quite  well,  and  leave  little  or 
no  scar  behind.  uThis  evidence  of  cure,"  says  the 
Richmond  Compiler,  a  newspaper,  printed  in  Rich- 
mond, Vir.  fcihas  been  kept  a  secret  in  a  family  in  this 
state  for  a  number  of  years,  and  has  succeeded  in  a 
number  of  cases. 

Another. 

t  BURN  half  a  bushel  or  three  pecks  of  green  old 
field  red-oak  bark  to  ashes,  boil  the  ashes  in  three 
gallons  of  water,  until  reduced  to  one,  strain  that  gal- 
lon off,  and  boil  it  away  to  a  thick  substance,  similar 
to  butter,  apply  a  small  quantity  on  a  piece  of  silk  or 
lint  to  the  cancer,  no  bigger  than  the  place  or  part 
affected.  The  medicine  must  be  repeated  every  two 
hours,  until  the  cancer  roots  are  sufficiently  killed, 
then  apply  healing  salve  with  a  little  mercurial  oint- 
ment mixed  therein,  and  dress  it  twice  a  day  until  cur- 
ed, which  will  surely  be  in  about  twenty  or  thirty  days 
at  farthest 


CANbLES. 

To  purify  Tallow  for  Candles. 

TAKE  5-8  of  tallow,  and  3-8  of  mutton  suet,  melt 
them  in  a  copper  chaldron,  with  it  mix  8  ounces  of 
brandy,  one  of  salt  of  tartar^  one  of  sal  ammoniac,  two 
of  dry  potash.  Throw  the  mixture  into  the  chaldron, 
nr-k  the  ingredients  boil  a  quarter  of  an  hour  then 
set  the  whole  to  cool.  Next  day  the  tallow  will  He 
found  on  the  surface  of  the  water  in  a  pure  cake.  Take 
it  out  and  expose  it  to  the  air  for  some  days  on  canvas? 


CAN— CAT 

It  will  become  white  and  almost  as  hard  as  wax.  The 
dew  is  favourable  to  its  bleaching.  Make  jour 
wicks  of  tine  even  cotton  ;  g*ve  them  a  coat  of 
melted  wax,  then  cast  your  mould  candles.  They 
will  have  the  appearance  of  wax  in  a  degree,  and  one 
of  them  (six  to  a  pound)  will  burn  fourteen  hours  and 
not  run. 


CANKER  III  lT€€3. 

SIR  Humphrey  Davy,  in  his  "Elements  of  Agri- 
cultural Chemistry,''  attributes  canker  in  trees  to  an 
"excess  of  alkaline  and  earthy  matter  in  the  descend- 
ingsap" ;  and  says  "Perhaps  the  application  of  a  weak 
acid  to  the  canker  might  be  of  use  ;  or  where  the 
tree  is  great,  it  may  be  watered  occasionally  with  a  very 
diluted  acid." 


caterpillars.     Remedy  for. 

THE  following  method  of  destroying  caterpillars  is 
recommended  in  the  ''American  Gardener's  Calender. 
"Dissolve  a  drachm  of  corrosive  sublimate  in  a  gill 
of  gin  or  other  spirits,  and  when  thus  dissolved  in- 
corporate it  with  four  quarts  of  soft  water  This  solu- 
tion will  be  found  to  be  the  most  effectual  remedy  ever 
applied  to  trees,  both  for  the  destruction  of  worms  of 
every  species,  and  of  the  eggs  of  insects,  deposited  in 
the  bark.  No  danger  to  the  tree  is  to  be  apprehended 
from  its  poisonous  quality,  which  as  it  respects  them 
is  perfectly  innocent. 

Another. 

THE  following  mo^e  of  destroying  caterpillars  has 
been  recommenced,  and  would  probably  prove  effec- 
tual. 


24  €  A  T 

Take  live  coals  in  a  chafing  dish  ;  throw  thereon 
some  pinches  of  brimstone  in  powder  ;  place  the  same 
under  the  branches  that  are  loaded  with  caterpillars. 
The  vapour  of  sulphur,  which  is  mortal  to  these 
insects  will  not  only  destroy  all  that  are  in  the  tree, 
but  prevent  its  being-  infested  by  them  afterwards.  A 
pound  of  sulphur  will  clear  as  many  trees  as  grow  on 
several  acres  A  chafing  dish,  or  something  to  contain 
coals  may  be  fixed  on  a  pole,  and  put  near  the  nest. 

The  hon.  Timothy  Pickering,  in  a  letter  to  the  cor- 
responding secretary  of  the  Massachusetts  Agricultural 
society  has  recommended  an  instrument,  which  he  has 
found  simple,  and  more  convenient  than  any  he  had 
used  for  the  destruction  of  caterpillars  It  is  made 
by  inserting  some  hog*6  bristles  between  a  twisted 
wire,  in  such  a  manner  as  to  form  a  cylindrical  brush, 
which  will  present  bristles  on  every  side.  This  is 
attached  to  a  pole  of  such  length  as  the  trees  may  re- 
quire, and  the  caterpillars  are  brought  down  by  it,  and 
then  crushed. 

It  is  likewise  affirmed  that  caterpillars,  and  other 
insects  which  infest  eur  fruit  trees,  may  be  destroyed, 
by  casting  over  the  tree  a  few  handfuls  of  ashes,  in 
the  morning  before  the  dew  is  dissipated  from  the 
foliage,  or  after  a  shower  3f  rain.  The  former  is  the 
preferable  time. 

A  strong  white  wash  of  fresh  stone  lirne  applied  by 
the  means  of  a  mop  or  a  sponge  fixed  on  the  end  of  a 
pole  is  by  some  recommended.  A  little  spirits  of  tur- 
pentine would,  probably,  be  still  more  efficacious. 
And  it  is  affirmed  that  sprinkling  the  leaves  and  shoots 
of  plants  infected  by  those  insects  when  wet,  with  fine 
sand  will  cause  the  caterpillars  to  drop  off  in  apparent 
agony. 

It  is  said  to  be  a  good  practice  to  examine  the  trees 


CHE  U 

in  autumn,  and  remove  the  eggs  which  are  deposited 
for  a  next  year's  stock  from  the  twig,  on  which  they 
are  fastened.  Hepeat  the  examination  in  the  spring". 
If  those  which  have  escaped  notice  fasten  on  a  limb  it 
is  sometimes  best  to  cut  it  off.  A  little  oil  of  any  kind 
it  is  said  will  kill  all  the  caterpillars  that  it  touches. 


cattle — hoven  or  swollen* 

A  PINT  eflie  made  of  wood  ashes,  or  about  an 
ounce  of  pearl  ash  or  pot  ash  turned  down  the  throat, 
will  immediately  cure  cattle  which  have  become  ho- 
ven or  swollen,  by  eating  too  much  green  or  succulent 
food  A  proportionably  less  quantity  will  answer  for 
sheep.  It  gives  instant  relief  by  neutralizing  the 
carbonic  acid  gas,  which  causes  the  swelling,  and  other 
symptoms  of  the  complaint. 


cheese — Method  of  making. 

[From  the  Massachusetts  Agricultural  Repository.] 

THE  milk  is  universally  set  for  cheese  as  soon  as  it 
comes  from  the  cow, 

The  management  of  the  curd  depends  on  the  kind 
of  cheese  :  thin  cheese  requires  the  least  labour  and 
attention. 

Breaking  the  curd  is  done  with  the  hanri  and  dish. 
The  finer  the  curd  is  broken  the  better,  particularly 
in  thick  cheeses.  The  bes^  colour  cf  this  kind  of cheese 
is  that  of  bees  wax,  which  is  produced  by  Annotta,  rub- 
bed into  the  milk  after  it  is  wai  med.  The  dairy  wo- 
man is  to  judge  of  the  quality  by  the  colour  of  the 
milk,  as  it  differs  much  in  strength.  The  runnet  is 
prepared  by  taking  some  whey  and  salting  till  it  will 
hear  an  egg;  it  is  then  suffered  to  stand  over  night. 


26  CHE 

and  in  the  morning  it  is  skimmed  and  racked  off  clear ; 
to  this  is  add -d  an  equal  quantity  of  water  brine, 
strong  as  the  whev,  and  into  this  mature,  some  sweet 
briar,  thyme,  or  some  other  sweet  herbs,  also  a  little 
black  pepper  and  saltpetre  ;  the  herbs  are  kept  in  the 
brine  three  or  four  days,  after  which  it  is  decanted 
clear  from  them  Into  six  quarts  of  this  liquor  four 
large  calves'  bags  or  more  properly  called  cahres'  sto- 
machs are  put.  No  part  of  the  preparation  is  heated, 
and  frequently  the  calves'  bags  are  only  steeped  in  cold 
salt  and  water.  Turning  the  milk  differs  in  different 
dairies,  no  two  dairy  women  conduct  exactly  alike. 

Setting  the  milk  too  hot  inclines  the  cheese  to 
heave,  and  cooling  it  with  cold  water  produces  a  simi- 
lar effect.  The  degree  of  heat  varies  according  to 
the  weather.  The  curd  when  formed  is  broken  with 
what  is  called  a  treple  cheese  knife.  The  use  of  this 
is  to  keep  the  fat  in  the  cheese ;  it  is  drawn  the  depth 
of  the  curd  two  or  three  times  across  the  tub,  to  give 
the  whey  an  opportunity  of  running  off  clear;  after  a 
few  minutes  the  knife  is  more  freely  used,  and  the 
curd  is  cut  into  small  pieces  like  chequers,  and  is  bro- 
ken fine  in  the  whey  with  the  hand  and  a  wooden  dish. 
The  curd  being  allowed  about  half  an  hour  to  settle, 
the  whey  is  laded  off  with  the  dish,  after  it  is  pretty 
well  separated  from  the  curd. 

It  is  almost  an  invariable  practice  to  scald  the  curd. 
The  mass  is  first  broken  very  fine,  and  then  the  scald- 
ing whey  is  added  to  it  and  stirred  a  few  minutes; 
some  make  use  of  hot  water  in  preference  to  whey, 
and  it  is  in  both  cases  heated  according  to  the  nature 
of  the  curd  ;  if  it  is  soft,  the  whey  or  water  is  used 
nearly  boiling  ;  but  if  hard,  it  is  only  used  a  little  hot- 
ter than  the  hand.  After  the  curd  is  thoroughly  mixed 
with  the  hot  stuff,  it  is  suffered  to  stand  a  few  minutes 
to  settle,  and  is  then  separated  as  at  the  first  operation. 
After  the  scalding  liquor  is  separated,  a  vat,  or  what  if 


(SHE  21 

often  called  a  cheese  hoop,  is  laid  across  the  cheese 
ladder  over  the  tub,  and  the  curd  is  crumbled  into  it 
with  the  hands  and  pressed  into  the  vat,  to  Squeeze 
out  the  whey.  The  vat  being  tilled  as  full  and  as  firm- 
ly as  the  hand  alone  can  fill  it,  and  rounded  up  in  the 
middle,  a  cheese  cloth  is  spread  over  it  and  the  curd  is 
turned  out  of  the  hoop  into  the  cloth  ;  the  vat  is  then 
washed  and  the  inverted  mass  of  curds,  with  the  cioth 
under  it,  is  returned  into  the  vat  and  put  into  the  press ; 
after  standing  two  or  three  hours  in  the  press,  the  vat 
is  taken  out  and  the  cloth  is  taken  off  washed  and  put 
round  the  cheese,  and  it  is  replaced  in  the  vat  and  in  the 
press.  In  about  seven  or  eight  hours  it  is  taken  out 
of  the  press  and  salted,  the  cheese  is  placed  on  a  board 
and  a  handful  of  salt  is  rubbed  all  over  it,  and  the  edg- 
es are  pared  off  if  necessary  ;  another  handful  of  salt 
is  strewed  on  the  upper  *ide,  and  as  much  left  as  will 
stick  to  it;  afterwards  it  is  turned  into  the  bare  vat 
without  a  cloth,  and  an  equal  quanlity  of  salt  is  added 
to  it,  and  the  cheese  is  returned  into  the  press ;  here  it 
continues  one  night  and  the  next  morning  it  is  turned 
in  the  vat,  and  continues  till  the  succeeding  morning, 
and  the  curd  is  taken  out  and  placed  on  the  dairy  shelf  t 
here  they  are  turned  every  day  or  every  other  day^ 
as  the  weather  may  be  If  it  is  hot  and  dry,  the  win- 
dows and  door  are  kept  shut,  but  if  wet  or  moist,  the 
door  and  windows  are  kept  open  night  and  day. 

Cleaning  the  Cheese. 

The  cheeses  having  remained  about  ten  days  after 
leaving  the  press,  are  to  be  washed  and  scraped  in  the 
following  manner;  alarg**  tub  of  coldsweet  whey  is  pla- 
ced on  the  floor,  the  cheeses  are  immerged  in  it,  where 
they  continue  one  hour,  or  longer  if  necessary,  to  soft- 
en the  rind.  They  are  then  taken  out  and  scraped 
with  a  common  case  knifr.  with  great  care,  so  as  not 
to  injure  the  tender  rinc*,  till  every  part  of  the  cheese 
ie  smooth  j  they  are  after  trie  last  operation  ringed  in 


36  C  H  E 

the  whey  and  wiped  clean  with  a  coarse  cloth,  and  pla- 
ced in  an  airy  situation  to  dry,  after  w  i.ich  they  are  pla- 
ced in  the  cheese  room.  The  floor  of  the  cheese 
room  is  generally  prepared  by  rubbing  it  with  bean  or 
potatoe  tops  or  any  succulent  herb,  till  it  appear*  of  a 
black  wet  colour ;  on  this  floor  the  cheeks  are  plac- 
ed, and  turned  twice  a  week,  their  edges  are  wiped 
hard  with  a  cloth  once  a  week,  and  the  floor  is  cleans- 
ed and  rubbed  with  fresh  herbs  once  a  fortnight.— 
They  must  not  lie  too  long  or  they  will  stick  to  the 
floor.  This  preparation  of  the  floor  gives  the  cheese 
a  blue  coat,  which  is  considered  of  threat  consequence, 

Stikon  Cheese — how  made, 

THE  Stilton  Cheese,  which  may  be  called  the 
Parmesan  of  England,  is  not  confined  to  >ti!ton  and 
its  vicinity,  for  man «  farmers  in  Huntingdonshire,  and 
also  in  Rutland  and  Northamtonshiie  make  a  similar 
sort,  sell  them  for  the  same  price,  ami  give  them  the 
name  of  the  Stilton  Cheeses* 

Take  the  night's  cream  and  put  it  into  the  morning's 
new  milk  with  the  rennet;  when  the  cnrjd  is  separat- 
ed let  it  not  be  broken  as  is  done  with  Other  cheese, 
but  take  it  out,  disturbing  it  a*  little  as  possible,  and 
suffer  it  to  dry  gradual'y  in  a  sieve  ;  and  as  the  whey 
separates,  compress  it  gradually  till  it  has  acquired  a 
firm  consistence  then  place  it  in  a  wooden  hoop  and 
suffer  it  to  dry  very  gradually  on  a  hoard,  taking  care 
at  the  same  time  to  turn  it  daily  with  close  binders 
round,  and  which  must  be  tightened  as  the  cheese  ac- 
quires more  solidity. 

Cheese  skippers  in. 

WR  \P  the  cheese  in  thin  brown  paper,  so  thin  that 
moisture  may  strike  through  soon—  dig  a  hole  in  good 
sweet  earth  about  two  feet  deep,  in  which  the  cheese 


CHI  $9 

must  be  buried  about  36  hours,  and  the  skippers  will 
be  found  all  on  the  outside  of  the  cheese,  brush  them 
off  immediately  and  you  will  find  your  cheese  sound 
and  good. 


To  prevent  Cheese  having  a  rancid  nauseous  flavour* 

PUT  about  one  table  spoonful  of  salt  to  each  gallon 
of  milk  when  taken  from  the  cows  in  the  evening,  for 
the  cheese  to  he  made  the  next  day;  put  the  salt  at 
the  bottom  of  the  vessel  that  is  to  receive  the  milk  ;  it 
will  increase  the  curd  and  prevent  the  milk  from  grow- 
ing sour  or  putrid  the  hottest  nights  in  the  summer. 


CHILLBLA1NS. 


To  cure  Chillbiains  before  they  are  broken 

WASH  them  in  water  as  hot  as  you  can  bear,  and 
oVy  them  with  a  cloth  ;  rub  them  with  spirits  of  tut- 
pentine  before  the  fire  and  keep  them  warm* 

Another  Remedy. 

A  PLASTER  of  common  turpentine  applied  to 
chillbiains,  or  frosted  heels,  will  it  is  said  in  a  few  days 
effect  a  cure. 


china — how  mended, 

TAKE  apiece  of  flint  glass,  beat  it  to  a  fine  powder, 
an  i  prind  it  well  witl>  the  white  of  ah  egg,  and  it  joins 
Cl  h\  without  riveting,  so  that  no  art  can  break  it 
agair.  in  the  same  place.  The  composfion  must  be 
ground  extremely  fine,  on  a'  painter's  stone, 
D 


30  CHO 

CHINTZ,  WASHING  OF. 

How  to  wash  Chintz  so  as  to  preserve  its  beauty. 

TAKE  two  pounds  of  rice  and  boil  it  in  two  gallons 
of  water  till  soft ;  when  done  pour  the  whole  into  a 
tub;  let  it  stand  till  about  the  warmth  you  use  for 
coloured  linens,  then  put  your  Chintz  in  and  use  the 
rice  instead  of  soap,  wash  it  in  this  till  the  dirt  ap- 
pears to  be  out  ;  then  boil  the  same  quantity  as  above, 
but  strain  the  rice  from  the  water.  Wash  in  this  till 
quite  clean :  afterwards  rinse  it  in  the  water  you 
have  boiled  your  rice  hi,  and  this  will  answer  the  end 
of  starch,  and  no  dew  will  affect  it,  as  it  will  be  stiff  as 
long- as  you  wear  it  If  a  goWn  it  must  be  taken  to 
pieces ;  and  when  dried,  be  careful  to  hang  it  as  *mooth 
as  possible ;  after  it  is  dry  rub  it  with  a  slick  stone  but 
use  no  iron. 

CHOLERA   MORBUS. 

TAKE  a  soft  cork  and  burn  it  thoroughly  in  the 
lire  when  it  ceases  to  blaze,  mix  it  up  on  a  plate  with  a 
little  milk  and  water,  or  any  thing  more  agreeable,  and 
repeat  the  dose  till  the  disorder  ceases ;  which  it  com- 
monly does  in  the  second  or  third  administration  of  the 
remedy  by  correcting  the  acidity  of  the  stomach. 

Another  Remedy. 

TAKE  a  small  handful  of  the  leaves  of  either  pep- 
permint or  spearmint,  rather  more  than  half  as  much 
of  the  leaves  of  tansey,  mix  them,  and  put  them  in  a 
soft  thin  flannel  bag,  large  enough  to  cover  the  stom- 
ach and  bowels;  quilt  the  big  through  in  several 
places  so  as  to  prevent  the  herbs  from  falling  to  one 
£iace,  which  would  be  very  oppressive  and  injurious^ 


C  I  D  31 

then  put  in  a  sufficient  quantity  of  hot  brandy  to  wet 
it  through,  and  apply  it  over  the  stomach  and  bowels, 
about  blood  heat ;  wet  fhe  bag  several  times  through 
the  day  with  warm  brandy,  and  change  the  herbs  every 
evening — it  must  not  be  taken  off  until  the  patient  is 
quite  recovered.  The  above  will  render  the  stoma  h 
retentive  ;  then  give  them  every  morning  or  two  a  tea- 
spoonful  of  the  syrup  of  rhubarb,  and  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  afternoon,  about  eight  drops  of  sweet 
nitre  every  hour  for  three  hours  in  succession.  By 
continuing  the  above  for  a  few  days,  more  or  less,  ac- 
cording as  the  child  might  seem  to  require  it,  the 
writer  has  had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  a  great  many 
children  perfectly  restored,  and  never  knew  it  fail — 
but  they  must  not  eat  or  drink  any  thing  the  least  sour, 
such  as  unripe  fruits,  new  cheese  or  any  thing  that  is 
hard  of  digestion  ;  ripe  blackberries  are  very  good,  or 
if  they  should  wish  old  cheese,  fresh  butter,  a  little 
sweet  ham  or  eggs,  either  boiled  or  fryed,  they  may 
be  indulged  with  safety.  The  quantity  of  rheubarb 
and  sweet  spirit  s  of  nitre  is  for  a  child  of  one  year  old. 

Another* 

RICE-WATER,  very  strong,  with  much  sugar  and  a 
little  laudanum  in  it  drank  plentifully. 


CIDER. 

IN"  making  cider  see  that  the  mill,  the  press,  and  all 
the  materials  be  sweet  and  clean  and  the  straw  free 
from  must.  The  fruit  should  be  ripe,  but  not  rotten, 
and  when  the  apples  are  ground,  if  the  juice  is  left  in 
the  pumice  24  hours,  the  cider  will  be  richer,  softer 
and  higher  coloured.  If  the  fruit  be  all  of  one  kind, 
it  is  generally  thought  that  the  cider  will  be  better;  as 
the  fermentation  will  be  more  regular.  The  juice  of 
the  fruit,  as  it  comes  from  the  press  should  be  placed 


32  CI  I) 

in  open  headed  casks  or  vats  :  in  this  situation,  it  is  like- 
ly to  undergo  a  proper  fermentation,  and  the  person 
attending  may  with  great  correctness  ascertain  when 
•the  first  fermentation  ceases;  this  is  of  great  import- 
ance, and  must  be  particularly  attended  to.  The  fer- 
mentation is  attended  with  a  hissing  noise,  bubbles  ris- 
ing to  the  surface  and  there  forming  a  soft  spongy  crust 
over  the  liquor.  When  this  crust  begins  to  crack,  and 
a  white  froth  appears  in  the  cracks  level  with  the  sur- 
face of  the  head,  the  fermentation  is  about  stopping. 
At  this  time  the  liquor  is  in  the  fine  genuine  clear  state, 
and  must  be  drawn  off  immediately  into  clean  casks  ; 
and  this  is  the  time  to  fumigate  it  with  sulphur.  To 
do  this,  take  a  strip  of  canvas  or  rag,  about  two  inches 
broad  and  twelve  inches  long,  dip  this  into  melted  sul- 
phur, and  when  a  few  pails  of  worked  cider  are  put 
into  the  cask,  set  this  match  on  fire  and  hold  it  in  the 
cask  till  it  is  consumed,  then  bung  the  cask  and  shake 
it  that  the  hquor  may  incorporate  with,  and  retain  the 
fumes  ;  after  this,  fill  the  cask  and  bung  it  up.  This 
cider  should  be  racked  off  again  the  latter  part  of  Feb- 
ruary, or  first  of  March  ;  and  if  not  as  clear  as  you  wish 
it,  put  in  isinglass,  to  fine  ;  and  stir  it  well ;  then  put 
the  cask  in  a  cool  place  where  it  will  not  be  disturbed, 
for  the  finery  to  settle.  Cider,  prepared  in  this  man- 
ner will  keep  sweet  for  years. 

Mr.  Deane  observes  "I  have  found  it  answer  well  to 
do  nothing  to  cider  till  March,  or  the  beginning  of  April, 
except  giving  a  cask  a  small  vent  hole,  and  keeping  it 
open  till  the  first  fermentation  is  over  ;  then  draw  it  off 
into  good  casks  ;  and  then  fine  it  with  skim  milk,  eggs 
broke  up  with  the  shells,  or  molasses.  A  quart  of  mo- 
lasses will  give  a  fine  flavour  to  a  barrel  of  cider,  as 
well  as  carry  all  the  lees  to  the  bottom.  But  lest  it 
Bhould  incline  the  liquor  to  prick  I  put  in  at  the  same 
time  a  quart  of  rum  or  brandy;  and  it  seldom  fails  of 
keeping  well  to  the  end  of  summer.  Cellars  in  which 
jeider  is  kept  should  have  neither  doors  nor  windows 


C  0  C—C  0  D  35 

kept  open  in  the  summer,  and  the  casks  should  stand 
steady  and  not  be  shaken  to  disturb  the  sediment. 

The  casks  which  contain  new  cider  should  be  filled 
perfectly  full  to  permit  the  froth  or  pummice  to  dis- 
charge itself  at  the  bun*.  The  pressure  ot  the  pum- 
mice should  be  slow  that  the  liquor  may  run  the  clear- 
er. Some  say  that  if  the  cider  be  racked  off  in  a  week 
after  it  is  made,  ceasing  the  moment  it  becomes  muddy  ; 
in  ten  days  a  second  time,  and  in  fifteen  days  a  third 
time,  it  will  need  no  other  process  for  fining  or  purify- 
ing it.  In  every  instance  the  casks  should  be  clean, 
and  perfectly  filled^  and  when  filled  for  the  last  time 
should  be  bunged  up  close,  and  placed  in  a  deep,  dry 
cellar,  never  to  be  moved  till  drawn  oil  for  use. 

The  later  the  apples  hang  on  the  trees,  the  more 
spirit  the  cider  will  contain.  In  bottling  ci  !er  it  is  re- 
commended to  raise  the  proof  of  the  cider  by  putting 
in  about  two  tea  spoonfuls  of  French  brandy  to  each 
bottle,  which  will  check  fermentation,  and  prevent  the 
bursting  of  the  bottles. 


COCK-ROACHES. 

IT  is  said  that  a  fcw  leaves  of  elder,  strewed  on  the, 
floor  of  a  room  infested  with  cock-roaches  will  extir« 
pate  those  insects. 


cod-fish. 

DUN,  or  dried  cod-fish  ought  not  to  be  boiled  to 
have  it  tender ;  it  operates  as  on  an  egg^  an  oyster  or 
a  clam,  the  more  you  boil  it  the  harder  it  grows  Let 
it  simmer  on  or  near  the  fire,  in  a  kettle,  two  or  three 
hours  according  as  the  fish  is  hard,  and  then  change 
the  water  j  and  before  dishing,  put  this  up  to  near  boil- 

d  2 


34  COF 

ing  heat  but  not  higher.  This  management  does  not 
draw  out  but  revives  the  glutinous,  and  enlivens  the 
nutritious  substance  in  them,  and  leaves  the  fish  ten- 
der and  delicious. 


COFFEE. 

Art  of  making  Coffee. 

THE  celebrated  Count  Kumford  observes,  "There 
is  no  culinary  process  that  is  liable  to  so  much  uncer- 
tainty in  its  results,  as  the  making  of  Coffee  ;  and  there 
is  certainly  none,  in  which  any  small  variation  in  the 
mode  of  operation  produces  more  sensible  effects — 
Of  the  various  modes  recommended,  we  believe  the 
following  the  most  advantageous. 

Take  of  ground  coffee  one  ounce,  to  one  pound  or  a 
pint  cf  water ;  this  proportion  agrees  pretty  nearly 
with  that  presented  by  the  count ; — put  the  coffee  in- 
to a  coffee  pot,  the  shape  of  it  cylindrical,  and  the 
spout  placed  near  the  top ;  pour  the  water  upon  it 
boiling ;  place  the  pot  over  a  slow  fire  or  a  lamp  ; 
there  will  appear,  upon  the  aurface,  almost  immediate- 
ly, innumerable  small  bubbles  ;  in  a  few  seconds  these 
will  form  themselves  into  one  hemispherical  bubble, 
extending  to  the  side  of  the  pot ;  on  this  bursting;  eb- 
ullition follows,  and  it  must  be  taken  from  the  fire  ; 
throw  into  it  the  white  of  an  egg,  a  small  piece  of  isin- 
glass, hartshorn  shavings,  or  any  other  tasteless  mucil- 
aginous substance  ;  and  in  three  or  four  minutes  the 
grounds  will  be  carried  down,  the  liquor  left  perfectly 
clear  and  fit  for  use.  If  no  mucilaginous  substance  is 
at  hand,  in  two  or  three  minutes  more,  the  grounds 
will  subside  of  themselves,  and  the  liquor  be  left  suffi- 
ciently clear. 

coffee — How  made  of  Rye,  fyc. 
SEE  Rye  Coffee  in  the  following  pages. 


COL 


COLD. 


SWEET  oil  and  loaf  sugar  made  up  like  a  syrup  is 
recommended  for  a  cold,  especially  when  attended  with 
a  sore  throat. 

An  excellent  vegetable  balsam  for  soreness  of  the  breast, 
coughs,  4*c 

DISSOLVE  over  the  tire,  one  pound  of  white  su- 
gar cat. :iy  in  a  quantity  of  white  wine  vinegar,  say  a- 
bout  three  pints,  until  it  is  reduced  by  evaporation  to 
one  pint  ;  during  the  operation  let  as  much  garlick  as 
possible  be  dissolved  with  it.  This  preparation  will 
answer  all  the  purposes  of  Godbold's  vegetable  balsam, 
and  is  probably  the  same. 

Another  Remedy  for  a  Cold. 

IF  a  person  is  attacked  with  unusual  chilliness,  pain 
in  the  head  and  hack,  oppression  of  the  breast,  on  the 
first  appearance  of  those  symptoms  bathe  the  feet  in 
warm  water  for  fifteen  minutes,  wipe  them  dry,  draw 
on  the  stockings  and  immediately  go  to  bed,  and  drink 
freely  of  strong  snake  root  tea. 

Another. — For  an  ulcerated  soar  throat 

DROP  some  good  brandy  on  a  piece  of  refined  lump 
sugar  till  it  has  absorbed  as  much  as  it  will  contain, 
which  suffer  to  remain  iu  the  mouth  till  it  be  gradually 
dissolved. — Repeat  the  same  four  or  five  time  a  day  ; 
and  in  the  course  of  a  few  days  the  ulcer  will  wholly 
disappear. 

COLIC    BILIOUS. 

TAKE  one  quart  of  hickory  ashes,  one  tea  cup  full 


£6  C  0  N— C  0  R 

of  soot,  add  to  it  thr^e  quarts  of  water  poured  on  toil- 
ing hot.  pour  it  into  an  earthen  pot,  cover  it  close  and 
let  it  remain  twelve  hours,  then  pour  it  off  clear,  or 
filter  it  through  a  paper,  put  it  into  bottles  and  keep  it 
in  a  cool  place  and  it  is  fi'.  tor  use  For  a  grown  per- 
son take  a  wine  glass  full  of  it,  and  if  that  don't  remove 
the  pain,  repeat  the  dose  every  half  hour  until  reliev- 
ed :  ifthepainis  not  very  acute,  one  or  two  doses 
will  be  sufficient ;  to  a  child  a  tea  spoonful  will  do  for 
a  dose. 

CONSUMPTION. 

TAKE  a  handful  of  the  herb  called  Horehound,  p,ut 
it  into  two  quarts  of  water,  boil  it  down  one  half— - 
after  straining  put  in  some  honey  or  molasses  ;  put  it 
on  the  fire  to  incorporate  ;  then  add  a  little  old  rum, 
and  cork  it  up.  Take  half  a  tea-cup  full  filled  up  with 
warm  milk  ;  if  you  cannot  readily  procure  milk  warm 
from  the  cows,  make  cold  milk  blood  Harm. — Take 
a  tea  cup  full  before  breakfast,  and  another  about 
noon  upon  an  empty  stomach. 

Dissolve  over  a  chaffing  dish  of  coals  in  a  tight  room 
an  equal  quantity  of  rosin  and  yellow  wax.  Let  the 
patient  remain  in  the  room  as  long  as  convenient,  and 
his  strength  will  admit,  and  repeat  the  operation  three 
or  four  times  a  day. 

corks  of  Wine-Bottles,  how  secured. 

CUT  the  Cork  off  even,  wipe  the  Cork  and  neck  of 
the  bottle  dry,  dip  it  in  a  melted  composition  of  wax 
two  ounces,  rosin  four  ounces. 

corn,  musty,  cure  for. 
IMMERSE  it  in  boiling  water,  and  let  it  remain  till 


COR—COU  37 

the  water  becomes  cold.  The  quantity  of  water  should 
be  at  least  double  the  quantity  of  corn  to  be  purified. 


CORNS. 

A  remedy  for  corns  on  the  feet. 

ROAST  a  clove  ofgarlick  on  a  live  coal,  or  in  hot 
ashes,  apply  it  to  the  corn,  and  fasten  it  on  with  a 
piece  of  cloth.  This  must  be  made  use  of  the  moment 
of  going  to  bed. 

Some  assert  that  if  you  take  a  little  un  wrought  cot- 
ton, lay  it  on  the  part  affected,  and  wear  it  a  week  or 
two  the  corn  will  disappear. 

It  is  likewise  asserted  that  chalk  formed  into  a  paste 
will  cure  corns. 

Take  the  skin  of  a  codfish,  after  it  has  lain  in  the 
cellar,  or  a  place  where  it  has  gathered  moisture  a 
day  or  two,  and  bind  it  on  the  corn,  and  keep  it  till  it 
is  perfectly  sound. 


COUGH. 

Whooping  Couvh.— THE  sulphate  of  potass  (form- 
erly  called  liver  of  sulphur)  has  been  extolled  as  a  rem- 
edy in  this  disease.  Dose,  six  grains  every  four  hours 
for  an  adult. 

Another  remedy. 

TAKE  equal  portions  of  new  milk,  and  the  lye 
strained  from  ashes  of  hickory  bark,  of  which  one  table 
spoonful  may  be  given  every  hour  through  the  day  to 
a  child  of  seven  years  old. 


38  0  R  A— C  R  O 

-     Cough  in  the  early  stage  of  Consumption. 

Let  ten  grains  of  crude  opium  be  rubbed  with  thir- 
ty grains  of  volatile  alkali,  two  drachms  volatile  spirits 
of  ammonia,  and  one  half  ounGe  of  peppermint  water 
— of  this  well  shaken,  a  tea  spoonful  may  be  taken 
three  times  a  day  in  a  little  weak  tea. 

Gentleman 's  Magazine. 

IT  is  said  that  innoculation  for  the  cow  pox  will 
arrest  the  whooping  cough. 

Another  remedy  for  Whooping  Cough. 

TAKE  dried  colt's-foot  leaves  (that  have  not  been 
gathered  more  than  a  year)  a  good  handful,  cut  them 
small,  and  boil  them  in  a  pint  of  spring,  water,  till  half 
a  pint  is  boiled  away  ;  then  take  it  off  the  fire,  and 
when  it  is  almost  cold,  strain  it  through  a  cloth,  squeez- 
ing the  herb  dry  as  you  can,  and  then  throw  it  away. 
Dissolve  in  the  liquor  an  ounce  of  sugar  candy,  finely 
powdered,  and  to  a  child  three  or  four  years  old  give 
one  spoonful  of  it,  cold  or  warm  as  the  season  favours, 
three  or  four  times  a  day  or  oftener  if  the  fits  of 
coughing  come  frequently,  till  well.  For  older  or 
younger  persons  the  quantity  may  be  increased,  or  di- 
minished as  thought  proper. 

This  preparation  is  useful  also  in  asthmas  phthysic, 
shortness  of  breath  consumptions,  kc. 

N.  B.  When  sugar  candy  cannot  conveniently  be 
had,  perhaps  honey  or  good  clean  brown  sugar  would 
answer.     Sugar  candy  is,  however  to  be  preferred. 

Another. 

DISSOLVE  a  scruple  of  salt  of  Tartar  in  a  gill  of 
water  \  add  ten  grains  of  cochineal  finely  powdered, 


C  R  A-C  k6  U 

Sweeten  this  with  fine  sugar.  Give  to  an  infant  the 
fourth  pact  of  a  ta:de  spoonful  four  times  a  day  ;  and 
from  four  upwards  a  spodnful  ma)  be  taken.  The 
relief  is  immediate,  and  the  cure  in  general  effected 
within  5  or  0  days. 


€RAki>. 

RUB  the  part  with  camphor  dissolved  in  oil. 

CROUP. 

Cure  for  the  Croup,  vulgarly  called  the  Rattle's. 

IT  is  allowed  by  the  best  physicians  in  the  country, 
that  the  croup,  formerly  a  very  fatal  disease,  is  now 
successfully  treated  with  a  weak  solution  of  corrosive 
sublimate,  to  be  given  in  small  quantities  every  fifteen 
minutes  till  it  causes  puking.  This  medicine,  though 
a  dangerous  instrument  in  the  hands  of  ignorance,  when 
judiciously  managed  has  snatched  many  a  child  from 
the  jaws  Of  death. 

Another  remedy  for  Croup. 

[By  Dr.  John  Archer  of  rlartford  County,  Maryland.] 

.  M\KE  a  strong  decoction  Of  the  Seheka  root  in  the 
Following  manner,  viz.  half  in  ounce  of  beneka,  in 
coarse  powder  boil  in  eight  ounces  of  water  down  to 
four.  Of  this  give  a  terispoonful  everv  half  hour,  as 
the  urgency  of  the  symytoms  may  require,  and  at  inter- 
vals a  few  drops  to  keep  up  the  stimulus,  until  it  either 
acts  as  an  emetic  or  cathartic.  Then  repeat  it  in  sim- 
ilar quantities,  so  as  to  preserve  the  stimulus  ofseneka 
constantly  in  the  mouth  or  throat 


ib  cue 

If  the  disease  be 'more  advanced,  and  the  breathing 
more  difficult,  give  calomel  frequently  and  freely,  and 
rub  mercurial  ointment  on  the  throat  and  contiguous 
parts  so  as  to  effect  the  glands  of  the  throat  and  mouth 
as  quickly  as  possible,  that  the  mercury  may  co-ope- 
rate with  the  action  or  stimulus  of  the  seneka. 


CUCUMBER, 

TAKE  a  very  tight  barrel  tub;  fill  it  up  to  the  bung 
tvith  stones,  then  a  little  straw,  and  earth  enough  o- 
ver  the  straw  to  fill  the  barrel.  Fill  the  lower  ha  f 
with  water,  but  instead  of  letting  it  seep  through  the 
earth,  it  should  be  passed  through  a  tube,  placed  in  the 
earth  for  that  purpose,  as  often  as  more  water  is  wan- 
ted. The  b;mg  should  be  lett  out  and  the  water  kept 
as  high  as  the  hole  by  repeated  waterings.  The 
plants  lying  so  high  will  be  kept  out  of  ;he  way  of  in- 
serts, nor  will  they  suffer  ly  drought.  1  he  plants, 
however,  should  once  in  a  while  be  a  little  sprinkled 
wini  water  if  the  season  be  very  dry. 

To  preserve  Cucumbers  and  Squashes  from  bugs  andjlies. 

SPRINKLE  the  plants  with  a  strong  infusion  of  elder 
leaves  ;  aad  that  of  hops  is  likewise  recommenaed. 
Or, 

Suspend  a  diamond  formed  piece  of  white  paper, 
shingle  or  other  piece  of  wood  by  a  thread,  tied  to  the 
end  s»f  a  stick  stuck  in  the  ground  a  small  distance 
from  the  bill  so  that  the  paper  will  hang  directly  over 
the  hill,  and  near  the  plants.  The  air  by  constantly 
vibrating  the  paper  or  shingle  will  have  a  tendency  to 
prevent  insects  from  alighting  on  the  plants.    Or,    , 

In  the  morning  when  the  dew  is  on  sprinkle  the 
plants  with  fine  dust  of  slacked  lime. 


CUR  4i 

To  render  Cucumbers  wholesome, 

SLICE  cucumbers  into  a  basin  of  cool  spring  water, 
and  it  will  render  them  not  only  more  crisp  and  tine 
but  much  more  wholesome,  and  prevent  their  rising  in 
the  stomach.  The  water  will  completely  take  away 
the  pernicious  juice  of  the  cucumber;  which  is  the 
principal  cause  of  its  disagreeing   with  the  stomach. 

curculio. 

THE  curculio  is  a  genus  of  insects  belonging  to  the 
Beetle-order.  In  its  maggot  state  it  is  bedded  in  ap- 
ples and  other  fruits,  producing  what  is  vulgarly  called 
•wormy  fruit  Poultry  and  hogs  are  great  devourers  of 
this  insect  both  in  the  beetle  and  maggot  state.  Pas- 
turing orchards  with  swine  sufficient  to  eat  all  the 
apples  which  fall  is  a  good  antidote  to  the  ravages  of 
these  insects.  Placing  little  bits  of  board,  about  the 
size  of  a  case  knife  dipped  in  tar  or  turpentine  in  the 
tops  of  fruit  trees  is  recommended,  as  all  terebenthinate 
substances  are  very  offensive  to  all  kinds  of  insects. 
From  three  to  five  bits  according  to  the  size  of  the 
tree  are  said  to  be  sufficient.  They  should  be  placed 
6oon  after  the  trees  are  in  full  bloom,  and  the  applica- 
tion of  the  tar  frequently  renewed  while  the  fruit  hangs 
on  the  tree. 


CURRANTS. 

Directions  for  the  culture  of  the  Currant-bush. 

THE  currant-bush,  though  a  shrub  that  grows  al- 
most spontaneously,  requires  nevertheless  some  dress- 
ing ;  in  regard  to  whichthe  following  directions  may  be 
df  service. 

E 


42  CUR 

Plant  them  round  the  quarters  of  your  garden,  that 
they  may  have  the  benefit  of  the  dun?  and  culture 
annually  b  stowed  thereon,  which  will  consequently 
make  the  berries  large  and  the  juice  rich. 

The  red  currant  is  preferable  to  the  white,  as  yield- 
ing richer  juice  and  in  much  greater  quantity. 

Take  the  most  luxuriant  slips  or  shoots  of  a  year's 
growth,  set  them  in  the  ground  about  eight  inches 
deep,  and  not  less  than  twenh  four  distant  from  each 
other  ;  these  never  fail  of  taking  root,  and  generally 
begin  to  bear  in  about  two  years.  For  the  rest,  let 
them  from  time  to  time  be  treated  as  espaliers  (but  not 
against  a  wall)  observing  to  keep  the  roots,  especially 
in  the  spring  of  the  year,  free  from  suckers  and  grass* 


CURRANT  WINE. 

PICK  the  currants  clear  from  the  staik,  put  them 
into  an  earthen  vessel,  and  pour  on  a  gallon  of  currants 
One  quart  of  hot  water.  Mash  them  together,  and  let 
them  stand  and  ferment ;  cover  them  for  twelve  hours^ 
and  then  strain  them  through  linnen  into  a  cask,  add  a 
little  yeast  and  when  worked  and  settled  bottle  it  off. 
In.  one  week's  time  it  will  be  fit  for  use. 

Another  Receipt* 

GATHER  your  currant?  when  full  ripe,  which  will 
Commonly  be  about  the  middle  of  July  ;  break  tbem 
well  in  a  tub  or  vat,  (some  have  a  mill  constructed  for 
the  purpose,  consisting  of  a  hopper,  fixed  upon  two 
lignum  vitae  rollers)  press  and  measure  your  juice,  add 
two  thirds  water,  and  to  each  gallon  of  that  mixture 
(i  e.  juice  and  water)  put  three  pounds  of  musoovado 
sugar  ;the  cleaner  and  drier  the  better;  very  coarse 
sugar,  first  clarified,  will  do  equally  an  well)  stir  it  well* 


D  A  I— D  E  A— D  EN  43 

till  the  sugar  is  quite  dissolved,  and  then  turn  it  up. 
If  you  can  possibly  prevent  it,  let  not  vour  juice  stand 
overnight,  as  it  should  not  ferment  before  mixture. 

Observe,  that  your  casks  be  sweet  and  clean,  and 
such  as  have  had  neither  beer  nor  cider  in  them,  and, 
if  new  let  them  be  first  well  seasoned. 


DAIRY   SECRET. 

HAVE  ready  two  pans  in  boiling-  water;  and  on  the 
new  milk's  coming  to  the  dairy,  take  the  hot  pans  out 
of  the  water,  put  the  milk  into  one  of  them,  and  cover 
it  with  the  other.  This  will  occasion  great  augmenta- 
tion in  the  thicknes  and  quality  of  the  cream. 


DEAFNESS. 

PUT  a  table  spoonful  of  bay  salt  into  nearly  half  a 
pint  of  cold  water;  and  after  it  has  steeped  twenty-two 
hours  (now  and  then  shaking  the  phial)  cause  a  small 
tea-spoonful  to  be  poured  into  the  ear  most  affected, 
every  night  on  going  to  bed,  for  eight  nights  succes- 
sively. 


DENTIFRICE. 

TAKE  of  myrrh,  Peruvian  bark,  and  calicined  oys- 
ter shells,  all  finely  powdered,  each  an  ounce,  and  of 
powdered  charcoal  half  an  ounce  ;  if  too  black  you 
may  reduce  the  quanlity  of  the  last  article  to  a  quarter 
ot  an  ounce.     See  Teeth  in  the  following  pages. 


44  DIE 


die — Black  for  linnen, 

MIX  in  a  large  bottle,  with  a  quart  of  soft  water, 
two   and   a   half  ounces   of  common  aquafortis,  and, 
adding  gradually  the  same  quantity  of  litharge,  slightly 
cork    the    bottle,  occasionally   shake    it,    and    keep 
it  in  a  warm  situation  ;  after   a  few  days  the    liquid 
may  be  poured  into  a  deep  earthen,  leaden,  or  pewter 
vessel,  in   which  the    linnen   to  be  dried,  being  first 
well  washed,  though  not  bleached,  should  be  immersed 
for  ten  or  twelve  hours  ;    being  then  taken  out  and 
three  times  washed  and  rinsed  in  cold  water,  it  is  to  be 
dipped  in  a  weak  solution  of  common  glue,  again  rin- 
sed and  hung  in  a  shade  to  dry.     In  a  quart  of  rain  or 
other  soft  water,  three  quarters  of  an  ounce  of  well 
bruised  galls   are   next  to   be  boiled  for  eight  or  ten 
minutes,  when  the  like  quantity  of  common  salt  must 
be  added  ;  as  soon  as  the  salt  is  dissolved,   the  linen 
should  be  boiled  seven  or  eight  minutes  in  the  liquor, 
after  which  it  must   be  taken   out,  washed,  wrung 
three  times  as  before,  and  dried  in  the  shade.     At  this 
stage  of  the  process  the  linnen  will   receive  a  dark 
gray  yellowish  tinge,  which  disposes  it  for  the  better 
reception  of  the  colour.     It  is  now  to  be  immersed  for 
eight  or  ten  hours,  in  a   liquid   composed  of  three 
quarters  of  an  ounce   each   of  copperas,  or  vitriol  of 
iron,  and  common  salt,  dissolved  in  a  quart  of  hot  wa- 
ter, after  which  it  is  to  be  again  washed,  rinsed,  and 
hung  to  dry  in   the  shade.     For  striking   the  black 
colour,  three  quarters  of  an  ounce  of  logwood  is  to  be 
boiled  for  seven  or  eight  minutes  in  somewhat  more 
than  half  a  gallon  of  rain  or  river  water,  when  a  quar- 
ter of  an  ounce  of  white  starch,  previously  mixed  with 
a  little  cold  water,  to  prevent  its  rising  in  lumps,  must 
be  added  ;  this  being  perfectly  dissolved,  the  linnen  is 
to  be  boiled  in  the  liquor  for  seven  or  eight  minutes, 
when  it  must  again  be  rinsed  and  dried  as  before.     It 
will  then  acquire  a  fine  black  tinge  ;  but  if  the  die  be 


DRO  45 

not  deep  enough,  it  is  again  to  be  dipped  and  treated  in 
the  same  manner,  as  often  as  may  be  necessary  to  eflV-ct 
this  purpose.  As,  however,  the  linen  will  not  in  this 
state  admit  of  being  washed  in  lie  or  soap  water  with- 
out losing  its  colour,  it  is  to  be  dipped  in  a  cold  solu- 
tion, prepared  by  boiling  seven  or  eight  minutes,  an 
ounce  of  well  bruised  galls  in  a  quart  of  the  glue  water, 
wherein  an  ounce  of  copperas  must  then  be  dissolved. 
The  linen  having  remained  au  hour  in  this  liquor, 
must  be  pressed  and  dried  in  the  shade  :  when  it  will 
have  acquired  a  beautiful,  deep,  and  durable  black 
colour  capable  of  being  washed  with  the  same  security 
as  any  other  died  colour  whatever. 


dropsy. 

MIX  a  pound  of  the  coarsest  sugar,  a  pint  of  juice 
of  pelitory  of  the  wall,  bruised  in  a  mortar,  boil  it  as 
long  as  any  scum  rises,  when  cool  bottle  and  cork  it 
If  very  bad  take  three  spoonfuls  at  night  and  one  in 
the  morning. 

Another. 

M\KE  a  tea  of  the  roots  of  dwarf  elder,  and  after 
every  discharge  of  urine  drink  a  tea  cup  full. 

Another. 

COVER  the  whole  belly  with  a  large  new  sponge, 
dipped  in  strong  lime  water,  and  squeezed  out  This 
bound  on  often  cures  without  any  evacuation  of  water, 

Another. 

T  MCE  a  six  quart  jug  of  old  hard  cyder,  put  therein 
a  pint  of  mustard  seed,  one  double  handtul  of  lignum 
vitas  shavings,  one  double  handfui  of  horseradish  roots  j 
e2 


46  DRO 

let  them  simmer  together  over  a  slow  fire  forty-eight 
hours,  when  it  will  be  fit  for  use.  Take  a  teacup  fall 
three  times  a  day. 

drowned  ¥ERSOKs-~"directions  for  recovering. 

THE  following  directions  have  been  published  by 
the  Dublin  Humane  Society: — 

"  What  thou  doest,  do  quickly?' 

1.  Convey  the  body  carefully,  with  the  head  a  little 
raised  to  the  nearest  convenient  house. 

21  Stiip  and  dry  the  body;  clean  the  mouth  and 
nostrils. 

3.  An  adult  lay  the  body  on  a  bed  or  blanket  near 
the  fire  or  in  a  warm  chamber  j  if  in  the  summer,  ex- 
pose it  to  the  sun. 

4.  A  child ;  place  it  between  two  persons  in  a  warm 
bed. 

6.  Rub  the  body  gently  with  flannel,  sprinkled  with 
spirits. 

6.  Restore  breathing  by  introducing  the  pipe  of  a  bel- 
lows (where  the  apparatus  cannot  be  immediately 
procured)  into  one  nostril,  keeping  the  other  and  the 
mouth  closed,  gently  inflate  the  lungs,  alternately  com- 
press the  breast,  and  then  let  the  mouth  and  nostrils 
free. 

7.  Apply  warm  bricks  to  the  soles  of  the  feet,  and 
warm  spirits  to  the  palms  of  the  hands,  and  the  pit  of 
the  stomach* 


DYS  47 

8,  Persist  in  these  means  for  three  hoars  at  least,  or 
until  life  be  restored. 

Cautions. —  1.  Never  to  be  held  up  by  the  heel*. 

2.  Not  to  be  rolled  on  casks,  or  other  rough  usages, 

3.  Not  to  allow  into  the  room  more  than  six  persons 

4.  Not  to  rub  the  body  with  salt. 

General  Observations. — On  signs  of  returning  life, 
and  if  swallowing  be  returned,  a  small  quantity  (often 
repeated)  of  warm  wine  and  water,  or  diluted  spirits, 
should  be  given  ;  the  patient  put  into  a  warm  bed,  and 
if  disposed  put  to  sleep. 

Electricity  and  bleeding  are  never  to  be  employed^ 
unless  by  the  directions  of  a  medical  gentleman. 

DYSENTERY. 

Dr.  Boyle's  remedy  for  Dysentery. 

U 
TA.KE  new  churned  fresh  butter,  melt  it  over  a 
clear  fire,   and  skim   off  the   curdy  part.     Give   two 
spoonfulls  of  the  clarified   remainder    two  or  three 
times  a  day.     It  seldom  fails  to  effect  a  speedy  cure. 

Another  remedy. 

TAKE  two  glasses  of  sweet  oil — two  glasses  West 
India  molasses — two  glasses  West  India  rum — simmer 
well  together  over  a  fire  till  it  becomes  the  thickness 
of  honey,  so  that  the  oil  may  not  separate  from  the 
rest.  While  on  the  fire  keep  it  well  stirred,  and  when 
taken  off,  continue  the  same  till  cool.  Then  the  pa- 
tient, if  a  grown  person,  should  take  a  spoonful  once  id 


48  EAR— EEL— ELD 

an  hour  till  he  finds  the  disease  abating — then  once  in 
two  hours,  or  as  the  judgment  may  suggest  until  cured, 

Indian  cure  far  the  Dysentery  or  Bloody  Flux. 

TAKE  the  root  of  caGMfcfl,  (a  flag)  boil  it  mode- 
rately in  sweet  milk,  and  lake  as  much  as  you  please, 
as  it  hurts  none  and  will  soon  cure  that  complaint. 


EAR  ACHE. 

PUT  a  clove  of  garlick  into  the  ear,  or  apply  a 
poultice  of  one  over  it.  A  blister  behind  the  ear:  the 
juice  of  rue,  or  cotton  wet  with  laudanum  and  put  into 
the  ear. 

eels,  method  of  roasting. 

HAVING  skinned  and  washed  some  of  the  finest 
large  eels,  cut  them  in  three,  four,  or  five  pieces,  ac- 
cording to  their  lengths.  Make  a  seasoning  of  grated 
nutmeg,  pepper  and  salt,  with  a  little  thyme,  sage  and 
lemon  peel,  all  well  beaten  or  shred,  and  mixed  plen- 
tifully with  crumbs  of  bread.  Strew  this  well  on  the 
eels,  stick'them  across  on  skewers,  tie  the  skewers  to 
the  spit,  baste  them  continually,  and  let  them  roast  till 
they  begin  to  crack  and  appear  white  at  the  bone. 
When  taken  up  send  them  to  the  table  with  melted 
butter  and  lemon  juice,  which  will  make  the  best  sauce 
for  them,  as  the  seasoning  gives  them  an  exquisite  rel- 
ish. They  may  be  fried  or  broiled  thus  seasoned, 
with  very  good  effect. 


elder  juice,  kills  skippers  in  meat,  cheese,  fyc. 

TAKE  the  leaves  of  elder  and  bruise  them' in  a  mor- 
tar.   Hub  tne  leaves  tiius    bruised  over  the   meat, 


E  G  G— E  LI  49 

(hams,  smoked  beef,  &c  )  and  if  there  are  any  holes  ia 
meat  in  which  the  skippers  have  found  their  way, 
pour  in  a  little  of  the  juice,  and  they  will  roll  out  in  a 
short  time.  The  application  of  elder  juice  does  not 
communicate  any  bad  taste  tx>  the  meat. 


EGGS 

MAY  be  preserved  by  anointing  them  with  lard  or 
any  greasy  or  oily  substance  for  months,  and  some  say 
years.  The  oily  substance  closes  the  pores,  hinders 
the  access  of  air,  and  thus  prevents  putrefaction.  They 
should  be  anointed  soon  after  they  are  laid. 

Superior  mode  of  cooking  Eggs.     "j3  boiled  egg  is  a- 
spoiled  egg."     Apicius. 

BOIL  a  quantity  of  water,  sufficient,  for  the  eggs  you 
wish  to  use  in  a  saucepan.  Take  it  off  when  boiling, 
and  place  it  a  little  distance  from  the  fire.  Put  in  the 
eggs  cover  them  over  with  the  lid,  and  let  them 
continue  in  the  water  for  two,  three  or  four  minutes, 
according  as  you  wish  them  to  be  done.  Eggs  thus 
cooked  are  far  more  delicate  than  those  boiled  in  the 
usual  manner,  even  one  half  minute's  boiling  on  the 
fire  being  sufficient  to  destroy  that  delicate  flavour 
found  in  coddled  eggs.  They  may  be  thus  cooked 
even  at  the  table,  a  kettle  with  boiling  water  being 
brought  in,  and  the  water  poured  from  it  on  the  eggs 
in  a  basin,  which  being  closely  covered  immediately, 
will  nearly  answer  the  same  purpose. 


elixir — Stoughton^s, 

PARE  off  the  thin  yellow  rinds  of  six  large  Feviile 
oranges,  and  put  them  into  a  quart  bottle,  with  an 
ounce  of  gentian  root  scraped  and  sliced,  and  half  a 


50  E  P  I— E  Y  E 

dram  of  cochineal.  Pour  to  these  ingredients  a  pint  of 
the  best  brandy;  shake  the  bottle  well,  several  tio.es, 
during  that  and  the  following  day  r  let  it  stand  two 
da>s  more  to  settle;  and  clear  it  off  into  bottles  for  use. 
Take  one  or  two  spoonsful  morning  and  evening,  in  a 
glass  of  wine,  or  even  in  a  cup  of  tea.  As  a  pleasant 
and  safe  family  medicine  this  elixir  of  Br.  Stoughton  is 
highly  recommended. 


EPILEPTIC    ELECTUARY,    FOR    THE     CURE    OF     THE     FALLING 
SICKNESS,    HYSTERICS,    &C. 

TAKE  stx  drams  of  powdered  Peruvian  bark,  two 
drams  of  pulverized  Virginia  snake  root,  and  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  sirup  of  piony  to  make  it  up  into  a  soft  elec- 
tuary. This  is  said,  by  a  celebrated  physician,  to  have 
been  experimentally  found  a  most  prevalent  and  most 
certain  remedy.  One  dram  of  this  electuary,  after 
proper  evacuations  having  been  had,  being  given  to 
grown  persons,  and  a  less  dose  to  those  who  are  young- 
er, every  morning  and  evening  for  three  or  four  months, 
and  then  repeated  for  three  or  four  days  before  the 
change  and  full  of  the  moon,  absolutely  eradicates  epi- 
leptic and  hysteric  diseases,  and  also  those  strange  ep- 
ileptic saltations  called  1st.  Vitus's  dance. 


EVE-STONE. 

IT  is  said  that  a  grain  of  flax  seed  possesses  all  the 
valuable  properties  of  the  eye  stone. 


EYE-WATER. 

Edinburgh  Eye-  Water. 

PUT  white  vitriol  the  bigness  of  a  nut  into   two 
gills  of  white  rose  water;  with  as  much  fine  loaf  su- 


F  E  A— F  E  L  51 

gar  as  vitriol  When  it  is  dissolved  shake  the  bottle, 
an d  on  ?oing  to  bed  wash  the  eves  with  it  usiag  a  soft 
clean  cioth. 

For  curing  weak  and  weeping  Fyes. 

MAKE  a  strong  decoction  of  camomile  boiled  in 
sweet  cows'  milk  ;  with  this  let  the  patient's  eves  he 
bathed  sevf ral  times  a  day  as  warm  as  can  be  suffered 
without  unoasiness  Persons,  almost  blind,  have  been 
cured  hv  persevering  in  the  use  of  this  prescription. 
It  is  proper,  however  to  observe  that  frequently  5  or 
6  weeks  bathing  of  the  eyes  is  necessary. 

For  inflamed  Eyes. 

TO  two  ounces  of  water  add  two  grains  of  lapis 
caliminaris,  and  the  same  quantity  of  white  vitriol. 


feathers,  bones.  &c. — how  coioured 

FEATHERS,  Bones,  &c.  may  be  coloured  blue,  red, 
green,  yellow,  &c  by  the  following  process.  After 
boiling  them  in  allum  water,  steep  them  in  an  infusion 
of  red  wood  to  form  a  red — in  a  blue  pot,  or  juice  of 
elder  berries  for  hlue — in  lime  water  and  verdigris,  or 
nitrate  of  copper  for  green,  and  in  a  tincture  ofsaffroR 
for  yellow. 


FELLOtf. 

An  effectual  cure  for  a  Fellon. 

BATHE  the  part  affected  in  ashes  and  water;  take 
the  yolk  of  an  egg,  six  drops  of  the  spirits  of  turpentine, 
a  few  beet  leaves  cut  fine,  a  small  quantity  of  hard  soap^ 
one  teaspoonful  of  snuff  or  £ne  tobacco;  then  add  one 


52  PEV 

table  spoonful  of  burnt  salt  and  one  ofTndian  meal,  and 
it  never  fails  to  effect  a  cure  if  applied  in  season. 

Another  Cure. 

VERATRUM  Album,  White  Helebore,  or  Poke 
Root,  has  been  recently  discovered  to  be  an  effectual 
remedy  for  this  complaint.  The  finger  or  part  affect- 
ed should  be  soaked  in  warm  milk  and  water,  and  co- 
vered with  a  thin  membrane  :  a  poultice  made  of 
wheat  bran,  and  a  strong  decoction  of  this  root  is  then 
applied,  and  repeated  as  often  as  it  becomes  dry  or  the 
pain  returns.  It  operates  as  a  powerful  sedative,  al- 
lays the  pain,  procures  rest  and  sleep,  and  produces 
shortly  a  healthy  action. 


FEVER — Yellow. 

THE  following  has  been  published  in  the  National 
Advocate,  a  New- York  paper,  as  a  preservative  against 
this  disorder. 

Take  one  pint  of  milk,  and  set  it  to  boil,  then  put  in 
a  table  spoonful  of  cream  of  tartar,  and,  when  turned 
into  whey,  drain  the  same  through  a  linen  cloth  ;  after- 
wards set  it  again  to  boil,  and  put  in  the  white  ot  an 
egg*  after  its  being  beat  into  a  paste,  and  when  well 
boiled,  drain  it  anew,  which  will  give  a  beautiful  claii- 
fied  whey,  which  is  to  be  taken  sweetened  with  white 
sugar  to  one's  taste,  in  two  doses,  one  in  the  morning, 
and  the  other  in  the  afternoon,  an  hour  before  meals, 
either  cold  or  blood  warm  to  suit  fancy. 

fever —  Typhus. 

A  BELFAST  newspaper  gives  the  following  as  a  cure 
for  typhus  fever. 


Put  one  table  spoonful  of  barm  (or  yeast)  into  a  nog- 
gin, (or  gill)  of  warm  porter  ;  stir  it  well,  and  while 
warm  give  it  to  the  patient,  repeating  it  every  six 
hours  while  any  symptom  of  fever  remains ;  then  re- 
duce it  to  ten  or  twelve  hours,  and  as  the  patient  re- 
covers, increase  the  distance  of  time  to  once  a  day.  If 
porter  cannot  be  had  give  beer  ;  and  if  neither  can  be 
had,  give  warm  water.  If  barm  is  not  to  be  procured, 
make  a  poker  red  hot,  and  put  it  into  half  a  pint  of 
fresh  porter  or  beer,  and  give  the  draught  to  the  pa- 
tient as  warm  as  he  can  take  it.  This  remedy  has 
been  used  by  Lady  O  Brien,  in  seventy  two  cases  on 
her  estates,  seventy  of  whom  recovered  ;  it  has  also 
been  administered  most  successfully  in  the  Fever  Hos- 
pital at  Parson's  Town,  where  scarcely  a  death  has  ta- 
ken place  since  it  was  introduced. 

Another  Remedy, 

A  DUBLIN  paper  says,  Take  two  gallons  of  salt 
water — if  it  is  not  convenient  take  fresh ;  but  if  it  is 
salt  water  it  will  not  require  any  alkali  Fresh  water 
two  gallons  ;  Epsom  salts  four  ounces,  tar  half  a  pound 
— combine  those  articles,  stii  the  ingredients  when- 
ever it  is  used,  and  a  tumbler  full  tafcen  as  occasion  re- 
quires, will  extirpate  the  malady. 

Another  Remedy. 

TO  half  a  pint  of  boiling  water  put  about  an  ounce 
of  dry  pearlash,  dip  a  flannel  in  it,  and  wet  the  whole 
surface  of  the  body.  In  19  minutes  prepare  anew 
wash,  and  repeat  the  application.  Keep  wet  flannels 
on  painful  parts,  keeping  them  wet,  until  the  pain  is 
removed.  Give  half  a  pint  of  warm  water,  after  it  has 
been  boiled  with  a  small  quantity  of  pearlash,  every  10 
minutes  till  a  free  perspiration  is  produced,  which  in 
general  will  be  in  about  two  hours;  th-n  give  half  a 
pint  of  warm  water  with  or  without  pearl  ash,  once  m 
F 


54  F  I  L— F  I  S 

20  minutes,  for  2  or  3  days.  Put  half  a  teaspoonful  of 
pearlash  in  each  of  the  two  first  pints,  and  in  the  fol- 
lowing 1-8  of  a  teaspoonful  to  each  half  pint.  Wash 
the  body  as  above  once  in  eight  hours. 

fever— Billious. 

TAKE  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  Rochelle  salts  (which 
are  the  best  for  this  fever)  one  or  two  handfuls  of  snake 
root,  to  be  bruised  and  made  into  tea — a  tumbler  full 
of  this  tea  poured  on  to  the  salts  to  dissolve  them.  If 
the  indisposition  is  slight,  a  wine  glass  full  of  the  snake 
root  and  salts  is  to  be  taken  every  half  hour  till  it  op- 
erates— if  the  indisposition  is  violent  a  wine  glass  full 
is  to  be  taken  every  quarter  of  an  hour,  care  must  be 
taken  against  the  patient's  vomiting.  When  the  snake 
roots  and  salts  have  operated  freely,  and  the  fever  is 
broken  or  extinguished,  a  wine  glass  full  of  snake  root 
tea  alone  must  be  taken  every  half  hour,  till  the  pa- 
tient is  out  of  danger,  or  at  the  discretion  of  some  pro- 
per person. 

film — Cure  for 

TAKE  the  white  of  a  new  laid  egg^  into  which  stir 
a  large  teaspoonful  of  alum  powdered  very  fine  and  sif- 
ted, until  it  becomes  a  curd.  Pour  this  upon  a  fine 
Holland  or  cambric  cloth  placed  over  a  small  bowl, 
or  cup,  so  as  to  receive  the  liquor,  and  to  leave  it  to 
filtrate  of  itself.  The  liquor  thus  obtained,  which  is 
very  limpid  and  clear,  and  is  seldom  more  than  a  tea- 
spoonful, is  to  be  dropped  into  the  eye  in  small  quanti- 
ties, five  or  six  times  in  the  course  of  a  day,  or  as  of- 
ten as  can  be  borne. 


FISH   SAUCE. 

TAKE  three  well  beaten  yolks  of  eggs,  two  ancho- 
vies, a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  butter,  with  as  much  flour 


F  L  E— F  L  I— F  OU  55 

as  will  lie  on  the  point  of  a  case  knife,  two  spoonsful 
of  elder  vinegar,  a  small  bunch  of  sweet  herbs,  and  a 
little  pepper,  salt  and  nutmeg.  Stir  these  all  on  the 
fire  till  the  liquor  is  thick,  but  it  must  not  be  suffered 
to  boil.  If  it  be  not  sufficiently  sharp,  squeeze  in  in  a 
little  lemon  juice,  and  pour  it  over  the  fish. 


FLEAS. 

TO  keep  off  fleas  keep  in  or  or  about  your  bed,  a 
sprig  of  penny  royal,  or  put  on  your  bed  clothes  a  few 
drops  of  the  essence. 


FLIES. 

TWO  drachms  of  the  extract  of  Quassia,  dissolved 
in  1-2  pint  of  hot  water,  and  sweetened  with  sugar, 
and  set  in  a  place  frequented  by  flies  will  destroy 
them. 


FOUNDER    IN    GATTLE. 

THERE  are  two  species  of  founder  in  cattle,  that 
is  in  horses,  cows  and  sheep,  though  the  same  dis- 
ease, pass  under  different  names  i  e.  the  hove,  when  re- 
sulting from  too  freely  feeding  on  green  clover,  and 
when  arising  from  eating  too  much  grain,  potatoes, 
bran  or  the  like,  the  foundeY,  commonly  so  called. 

Cattle  have  been  known  to  die  from  all  these  causes  ; 
but  the  disease  is  the  same,  and  requires  the  same  pro- 
cess of  cure  ;  which  if  seasonably  administered  is  effec- 
tual and  sure. 

The  founder  shews  itself  by  the  swelling  of  the  bo- 
dy>  by  symptoms  of  violent  pain,  by   gripings,  voiding 


56  POU 

blood,  stiffness  of  the  limbs,  trembling-,  groans,  debility, 
and  after  a  time  by  the  shedding  of  the  hoofs  and  hair 
from  the  effect  of  a  burning  fever.  The  cause  of  this 
violent  derangement  of  the  animal  system  is  repletion 
©f  nutriment  in  the  stomach.  The  powers  of  diges- 
tion are  overdone;  and  acidity  arises  on  the  stomach, 
which  corrodes  the  coats,causes  inflammation  and  fever, 
with  violent  pain.  The  food  instead  of  being  conver- 
ted into  nutriment  and  assimilated,  is  decomposed,  and 
the  carbonic  acid  is  generated,  either  in  gas  or  in  union 
with  the  water.  In  the  former  case  the  gas  or  wind 
is  sometimes  let  out  with  a  knife,  and  the  life  of  the 
beast  saved,  but  it  is  a  dangerous  resort,  and  happily  a 
less  violent,  and  more  efficacious  remedy  is  at  hand,  by 
the  chemical  agency  of  which  the  carbonic  acid  is  ob- 
viated, and  a  complete  cure  is  effected  by  neutralizing 
the  acid,  and  thus  destroying  its  corrosive  quality.  By 
the  combination  of  an  alkali  with  the  carbonic  acid,  a 
neutral  salt,  called  the  carbonate  of  the  alkali  is  produ- 
ced, which  is  perfectly  innoxious,  and  passes  off  with- 
out detriment. 

Take  of  potash  a  lump  of  the  size  of  an  egg  or  ap- 
ple, for  a  cow,  more  for  a  horse  and  in  proportion  for 
a  sheep  ;  dissolve  it  in  water,  and  from  a  bottle  pour  it 
down  the  throat  of  the  beast.  If  necessary  repeat  the 
dose  in  smaller  quantities.  An  immediate  effect  will 
be  seen  in  the  abatement  of  the  symptoms.  In  a  beast 
of  size  a  pound  of  Glauber's  salts  to  work  the  whole  off 
might  not  be  amiss  but  the  cure  is  principally  to  be  at- 
tributed to  the  alkali — When  potash  is  not  at  hand  a 
lie  made  of  ashes  on  the  occasion  will  answer  the  pur- 
pose. Pour  water  on  the  ashes,  and  take  the  liquor 
in  larger  quantities  in  proportion  as  it  is  of  less 
strength. 


F  O  W—F  K  0  57 


FOWLS. 

CORN  given  to  fowls  should  be  crushed  and  soaked 
in  water ;  this  helps  digestion,  and  hens  will  lay  in  win- 
ter that  are  so  fed  that  would  not  otherwise. 

Feed  your  fowls  in  winter  with  bones,  pounded  fine; 
and  they  will  need  less  corn,  and  will  lay  as  plentifully 
as  at  any  season  of  the  year.  The  bones  supply  the 
carbonate  of  lime,  which  is  necessary  for  the  produc- 
tion of  the  shell,  and  a  part  of  the  yolk  of  the  egg. — 
Egg  shells,  oyster  shells,  chalk  or  unburnt  lime  answer 
a  similar  purpose. 

Bombay  method  of  dressing  a  Fowl. 

THE  fowl  being  trussed,  incisions  are  made  in  every 
part,  the  same  as  when  a  fowl  is  about  to  be  carved, 
but  without  severing  the  joints.  The  breast  is  cut  as 
for  taking  out  slices,  and  the  legs  scored  across.  The 
whole  fowl,  inside  and  out,  is  then  rubbed  well  with 
pepper  and  salt,  and  a  little  Cayenne  pepper  so  as  to 
be  very  highly  seasoned  After  this,  it  is  enclosed  in 
a  good  thick  paste,  composed  of  flour,  milk  and  butter  ; 
one  end  of  which  is  left  open  to  fill  it  with  water;  this 
being  done,  it  is  closed  up,  put  into  a  cloth,  and  boiled  3 
or  4  hours ;  when  it  becomes  a  rich  and  most  relishing 
dish. 


FROST-BITTEN   FEET. 

TAKE  the  fat  of  a  dung-hill  fowl,  and  rub  the  place 
or  places  affected  with  it,  morning  and  evening  over  a 
warm  fire ;  at  the  same  time  wrapping  a  piece  of  wool- 
len cloth,  well  greased  with  the  same  fat,  round  the 
frost-bitten  parts.  In  two  or  three  days  they  will  feel 
no  pain,  and  ia  five  or  six  days  will  be  quite  cured. 

f  2 


68  GAR 

Note — If  the  inner  bark  of  the  elder,  or  the  leaves 
of  plantain,  are  first  simmered  in  said  fat  it  will  be  the 
better. 

Successful  treatment  of  Frozen  Limbs  in   Russia. — By 
Mr.  Eaton. 

THIS  remedy  was  warm  goose  grease,  and  was  not 
applied,  as  Mr.  Eaton  says,  in  the  cases  to  which  he 
was  an  eye  witness,  until  the  second  day  after  frozen  ; 
the  frost  bitten  parts  had  by  that  time  become  quite 
black  and  mortiified ;  they  were  well  smeared  with  that 
ointment,  and  the  operation  often  repeated.  The  di- 
rections were  never  to  permit  the  parts  to  be  dry,  but 
always  covered  with  the  grease.  The  consequence 
was,  that  by  degrees  the  circulation  extended  lower 
down,  the  blackness  decreased  till  the  toes  were  mere- 
ly discoloured,  and  at  length  circulation  was  restored 
to  them.  This  is  the  general  practice  of  the  Russian 
peasants;  but,  if  a  part  is  discovered  to  be  frozen  be- 
fore the  person  comes  into  a  warm  room,  the  frost 
may  be  extracted  by  only  plunging  the  part  in  cold 
water,  or  rubbing  it  with  snow  till  the  circulation  re- 
turns. 


GARLICK   fIRUP    AND    OXYMEL,     FOR    OLD     AND     ASTHMATIC 
COUGHS. 

FOR  the  sirup,  macerate  one  pound  of  sliced  garlic 
in  a  close  vessel,  containing  two  pounds  of  boiling  wa- 
ter, for  twelve  hours,  and  add  four  pounds  of  double 
refined  sugar  to  the  strained  liquor.  This  sirup  may 
be  taken  to  advantage,  by  a  teaspoonful  or  two  at  a 
time,  whenever  the  cough  is  troublesome,  and  it  is  par- 
ticularly calculated  to  be  used  on  such  occasions  dur- 
ing the  night.  Garlic  is  not  only  a  powerful  expecto- 
rant, but  ae:ood  diuretic,  and  even  a  sudorific,  provided 
the  patient  be  kept  tolerably  warm.     For  these  pur- 


GEE-GLA-GLU  59 

poses,  however,  the  oxymel  of  garlic  is  still  better  than 
the  sirup.  It  is  thus  easily  prepared  :  Boil  a  quarter 
of  an  ounce  each  of  carraway  and  sweet  fennel  seeds 
in  a  glazed  earthern  vessel,  with  about  half  a  pint  of 
vinegar;  when  they  have  boiled  a  short  time,  add  an 
ounce  and  a  half  of  garlic  cut  in  slices,  cover  the  whole 
closely  up,  and  let  it  stand  till  cold  ;  then  express  the 
liquor,  and  mix  it  with  half  a  pound  of  clarified  honey, 
placing  it  in  a  boiling  water-bath  to  dissolve.  This 
medicine,  it  is  said,  if  persisted  in,  will  not  only  relieve, 
but  absolutely  cure  an  obstinate  asthmatic  cough. 


GEESE. 

IT  is  said  that  geese  may  be  advantageously  fed  on 
turnips,  cut  in  small  pieces,  similar  to  dice,  but  not  so 
large,  and  put  into  a  trough  of  water. 


GLASS. 

Seasoning  Glass. 

PLACE  the  glass  in  a  vessel  of  cold  water,  and  heat 
the  water  gradually  till  it  boils.  Glasses  of  every  des- 
cription, thus  prepared,  will  afterwards  bear  boiling 
water  poured  into  them  without  injury. 


GLUTEN. 

GLUTEN  may  be  obtained  from  wheat  flour  by  the 
following  process :  the  flour  is  to  be  made  into  a  paste 
which  is  to  be  cautiously  washed,  by  kneading  it  under 
a  small  stream  of  water,  till  the  water  has  carried  from 
it  all  the  starch ;  what  remains  is  gluten.  Gluten  is 
found  in  a  great  number  of  plants ;  Prou*t  di«covered 
it    in   acorns,    chesnuts,  apples  and  quinces ;    bar- 


60  GO  U— G  R  A 

ley,  rye,  oals,  peas  and  beans ;  likewise  in  the  leaves  of 
rice,  cabbages,  cresses,  hemlock,  borage,  saffron,  in  the 
berries  of  the  elder,  and  in  the  grape. 


GOUT. 

APPLY  a  leek  poultice  to  the  part  affected.  The 
steam  of  hot  water  is  said  likewise  to  cure  the  com- 
plaint by  removing  obstructions. 

Another. 

TAKE  nitre,  rhubarb,  sulphur,  and  guiaccum,  of 
each  half  an  ounce,  mix  the  whole  in  a  pound  of  trea- 
cle, and  take  a  teaspoonful  going  to  bed. 

Gout  in  the  Stomach. 

THIS  admirable  remedy  of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Hart- 
ley for  that  dangerous  malady,  the  gout  in  the  stomach, 
which  often  proves  so  fatal,  is  thus  simply  prepared  : 
take  cordial  confection,  and  aromatic  spicks,  each  one 
dram  and  a  half,  sirup  of  finger,  six  drams,  orange-peel 
water,  two  ounces,  and  simple  cinnamon  water,  six 
ounces. 

Make  a  mixture,  of  which  take  three  table  spoonsful 
occasionally. 


GRAVEL. 

A  Remedy  for  the  Gravel,  extracted  from  an  English 
periodical  publication. 

DISSOLVE  three  drachms  of  prepared  Nitre  in  a 
quart  of  cold  water,  and  take  half  of  this  quantity  in  the 
course  of  the  day.    Continue  this  simple  medicine  for 


GRE  81 

a  few  days,  and  that  painful  complaint  (the  gravel) 
will  be  removed.  It  may  be  taken  at  any  time  of  the 
day — but  it  is  best  after  a  meal.  This  simple  remedy- 
can  do  no  injury ;  and  it  is  certainly  worth  trying  by 
those  afflicted  with  the  painful  disease  for  which  it  is 
recommended. 

Another. 

BOIL  36  raw  coffee  berries  for  one  hour  in  a  quart 
of  soft  spring  or  rain  water- — then  bruise  the  berries, 
and  boil  them  again  another  hour  in  the  same  water  ; 
add  thereto  a  quarter  of  a  teaspoonful  of  the  dulcified 
spirit  of  nitre,  and  take  daily  a  half  pint  cup  of  it  any 
hour  that  is  most  convenient. 

Another. 

Recipe  for  the  Gravel. 

T^KR  a  double  handful  of  water-melon  seeds,  and 
throw  them  into  about  a  half  a  pint  of  gin  :  let  them 
stand  for  a  week  in  a  warm  place,  being  frequently 
shaken  together.  VVhen  so  prepared  take  half  a  wine 
glass  full  two  or  three  times  a  day,  or  as  often  as  you 
require  any  thing  to  drink,  at  table  or  otherwise, 


GREASE  SPOTS. 

To  remove  Grease  Spots. 

APPLY  powder  of  white  tobacco  pipe  clay,  or 
French  chalk,  (that  is  steatite  or  soap  stone)  put" 
blotting  paper  over  it,  and  apply  a  hot  iron  at  a  little 
distance — This  will  take  out  much  of  the  grease  by 
repetition.  Good  ether  or  hot  oil  of  turpentine  will 
take  out  the  remainder.  Where  you  can  venture  to 
wash  the  place,  a  good  washing  with  hot  soap  and  wa- 


62  G  R  I— G  U  N 

ter  will  answer  every  purpose.  You  may  thus  efface 
grease  spots  from  paper,  should  an;  <ht  stain  remain 
at  the  edt^es,  brush  it  with  a  camel's  hair  pencil,  dipt 
in  very  strong  spirits  of  wine,  or  tther. 

Spots  of  tallow,  wax,  grease,  fee.  it  is  said  may  be 
removed  from  woollen  cloth  by  laving  to  the  surface 
a  piece  of  blotting-  pappr,  and  pressing  it  with  a  flat 
iron  moderately  heated. 


gripes  in  Horses  er  Cattle. 

ON  perceiving  the  first  symptoms  of  the  gripes  in 
a  horse,  ox,  cow,  &c.  fold  a  large  sack,  or  coarse  sheet 
or  cloth  and  let  it  remain  some  time  in  boiling  water, 
then,  conveying  the  vessel  to  the  stable,  clap  the  hot 
sack  or  cloth  on  the  animals  loins,  covering  it  over 
with  a  warm  blanket.  The  animal  must  be  kept  in  a 
close  place,  free  from  any  admission  of  cold  air.  The 
pain  is  usually  removed  in  less  than  eight  minutes,  and 
the  cure  is  certain  where  the  animal  stools  soon  after 
the  application. 


gun  barrels,  to  give  a  beautiful  brown  colour  to. 

SCOUR  all  the  spots  of  rust  carefully  from  your  gun 
barrel  and  polish  it  bright;  then  take  a  piece  of  roll 
brimstone  and  lay  it  on  some  burning  coals,  hold  the 
barrel  over  the  smoke  of  the  brimstone  for  some  mi- 
nutes, carefully  turnii  g  it  that  it  may  have  access  to 
all  parts  of  it.  After  which  put  it  into  a  cellar,  or  some 
damp  place,  where  let  it  remain  about  twelve  hours  j 
on  taking  it  out  it  will  be  found  to  be  covered  with  a 
fine  efflorescence,  which  wipe  off  carefully  with  a  fine 
woollen  cloth.  If  any  part  of  the  barrel  has  not  taken 
the  colour  polish  the  spot  anew  and  pursue  the  same 
process  as  before  ;  when  you  find  the  barrel  complete- 


9 


H  JE  M— H  A  M— H  A  N—  H  A  R  63 

ly  cqf.ered,  rub  it  over  with  oil  and  polish  it  with  a 
hard  brush,  or  a  piece  of  soft  pine  wood. 


HEMORRHAGE. 

IT  is  said  that  the  mo-t  violent  H^morhages  may  be 
stopped  by  the  volatile  flour  of  alkali. 


HAMS. 

Receipt  for  curing  Hams. 

FOR  twenty-four  ham?,  take  six  pounds  of  fine  salt, 
three  pounds  of  coarse  brown  sugar,  or  two  pounds  of 
molasses,  and  one  pound  of  salt-petre  pounded  fine  ; 
mix  all  th-  se  together,  and  rub  every  ham  with  the 
mixture  and  pack  them  down  in  your  cask  let  them  re- 
remain  five  or  six  days,  then  unpack  them,  and  let 
those  which  were  on  the  top,  be  put  at  the  bottom  of 
the  cask,  and  sprinkle  a  little  salt  over  them;  so  let 
then  remain  for  five  or  six. days,  and  then  make  a 
pickle  that  will  bear  an  egg,  and  pour  over  till  it 
covers  them ;  so  let  the  whole  remain  for  one  month, 
and  they  will  be  fit  to  smoke.  For  twelve  hams,  use 
half  the  above  ingredients. 

hands  numbed  or  trembling. 


W\SH  the  hands  so  affected,  in  a  strong  decoction 
of  wormwood  aud  mustard  seed,  to  be  strained  and  used 
when  cold. 

harrowing  grain  in  the  spring. 

WE  have  not  room  now,  for  an  essay,  if  the  subject 
required  it,  but  we  must  recommend  the  Farmer  to 


64  HE  A 

pass  the  harrow  over  his  fields  of  small  grain.  We  are 
confident  that  it  must  have  a  fine  effect,  in  giving  it  an 
early  start,  and  enabling  it  to  outgrow  most  of  its  ene- 
mies — The  reasoning  is  plain  and  obvious  — It  acts 
tike  a  fresh  ploughing  of  maize,  just  before  agoodraio 
—the  surface  of  the  ground  is  softened  about  the  stalk, 
gives  it  room  to  expand,  and  numerous  bugs  and  in- 
sects, are  routed,  covered  over  and  destroyed. 

At  all  events  it  is  easy  to  make  the  trial 

Let  a  few  breadths  be  harrowed,  the  same  way  the 
grain  was  plowed  in — numerous  plants  will  be  torn  up, 
and  the  operation  will,  apparently,  menace  universal 
destruction ;  but  it  will  be  found,  that  what  remains 
will  spread  and  thrive  much  better  and  more  than  make 
up  for  the  little  destroyed. 

Perhaps,  for  this  operation,  the  common  old  wooden 
tooth  harrow,  with  blunt  teeth,  would  answer  as  well 
if  not  better  than  any  other — and  it  is  well  if  it  can  be 
made  to  answer  any  purpose  well.  At  all  events  this 
harrowing  is  strenuously  recommended  by  some  of  the 
best  Pennsylvania  farmers,  therefore,  we  repeat,  make 
the  trial  on  a  small  scale  and  you  will  know  in  another 
year.~~Ameriean  Farmer. 


HEART  BURN 

MAY  be  cured  or  relieved  by  Alkaline  medicines 
such  as  pearlash  dissolved  in  water :  Soda,  Magnesia, 
Chalk,  Castile  Soap.  Or  eat  two  or  three  meats  of 
peach  stones,  of  any  kinH  of  peach,  and  it  will  effect  a 
cure  immediately.  Those  which  are  dry  are  prefera- 
ble. 


HES—HOR  65 


HESSIAN  FLY. 

IMMERSE  the  seed  wheat  ten  or  fifteen  seconds  in 
boilinar  hot  water;  cool  it  suddenly  ;  dry  it  with  lime 
or  gypsum  sprinkled  upon  it,  and  sow  it  immediately. 
This  process  will  assist  the  growth,  in  addition  to  its 
killing  the  nits  of  the  fly,  which  by  a  good  glass  are 
said  to  be  discernable  near  the  sprouts  of  the  grain  that 
are  infected. 


HORSES. 

How  to  shoe  Horses. 

LET  nothing  be  cut  from  the  sole,  binder  or  frog, 
except  the  loose  rotten  scale.  No  opening  of  heels 
on  any  occasion — it  infallibly  causes  in  time  the  dis- 
ease called  hoof  bound  — No  shoes  to  be  fitted  on  red 
hot.  bhoes  always  to  be  made  of  the  best  hard  and 
well  wrought  iron,  with  not  a  convex,  but  a  flat  and 
even  surface  next  the  ground,  so  that  the  horse  may 
stand  in  a  natural  and  easy  position.  No  caulks  for 
either  heel  or  toe  of  fore  or  hind  feet.  The  web  of 
the  shoe  not  so  wide  as  usual,  nor  so  thick  nor  strong  at 
the  heel,  and  never  to  project  beyond  it,  in  order  that 
the  foot  may  stand  perfectly  lever,  and  the  frog  be  not 
prevented  from  touching  the  ground.  It  is  as  absurd 
to  pare  down  the  frog  as  is  usually  done,  as  it  would  be 
to  pare  away  the  thick  skin,  which  nature  has  plac- 
ed over  the  human  heel !  \ll  the  horses  in  England 
are  now  shod  according  to  the  above  directions. 

For  different  diseases  in  Horses. — Hide  Bound. 

^O  cure  this,  it  will  he  necessary  to  put  your  horse 
on  a  pretty  liberal  diet ;  also  every  day  a  mash  of  braa 
G 


M  HYD 

or  boiled  rye  should  be  given  him  ;  and  twice  a  week 
give  him  half  an  ounce  of  brimstone  in  his  bran. 

Scratches. 

CUT  the  hair  off  close,  and  wash  the  legs  with 
strong  soap-suds  or  urine;  put  on  a  turnip  poultice  a 
few  days,  mixed  with  hog's  fat  and  linseed  oil  ^  it  will 
soon  effect  the  cure. 


Hoof  Bound. 

TAKE  a  phlegm  lancet,  and  open  the  hoof  at  the 
edge  of  the  hair,  to  give  it  liberty  of  spreading.  Then 
grease  it  daily  with  woodchuck,  skunk  ordog's  grease, 
that  it  may  grow. 

Scouring* 

GIVE  your  horse  two  quarts  of  the  liquor,  whereia 
garden  rhubarb,  flax  seed  and  mallows,  have  been 
boiled  ;  or  boil  white-oak  bark,  and  white-j.iue  togf  th- 
er ;  give  him  one  quart  of  this  morning  and  evening 
till  well. 


HYDROPHOBIA. 

TAKE  the  plant  called  Scull  Cap,  gathered  either 
before  dog  days  begin  or  after  they  are  over  (that  ia 
before  the  30th  of  July,  and  after  the  LOth  of  Septem- 
ber,) and  cure  it  in  the  shade.  Cut  it  fine,  an  7  I  'e 
it  up  close.  Of  this  powder  make  a  de«  oction  as  sti  -tig 
as  common  tea,  and  give  it  to  an  adult,  half  2  pml  night 
and  morning,  fasting  ;  to  a  child  of  three  years  old  one 
gill ;  to  a  child  of  eight  years,  one  and  an  half  gill  ;  to 
a  child  of  twelve  years,  two  gills.  Th?  patient  in 
every  third  day  during  the  period  of  taking  the  decoc* 


IND  G? 

tion,  must  miss  taking  it,  and  instead  of  it  must  take 
two  teaspoons  full  of  roll  brimstone  with  molasses  in 
sufficient  quantity  to  procure  a  free  passage.  Contin- 
ue this  course  for  forty  days.  The  paiietit  most  ab- 
stain from  butter  or  milk,  or  any  thing  of  a  grejasy  na- 
ture in  his  diet,  and  wholly  from  spirituous  liquors. 
It  is  important  also  that  he  fchould  not  wet  his  i\  et. 

JV.Y.  Evening  toat* 


INDIAN  CORN. 

E.  BRACKET  of  Salem  county,  N.  J.  raised  upoa 
one  acre  of  ground  one  hundred  and  ten  bushels  of  In- 
dian Corn.  The  method  of  cultivation,  which  he  pur- 
sused  was  as  follows : 

1st.  Ploughing  and  ameliorating  the  soil  as  usual. 

2d.  By  furrowing  at  the  distance  of  seven  feet  each 
way. 

3d.  By  filling,  (or  nearly  so)  those  furrows  with  ma- 
nure. 

4th.  Covering  up  said  manure  by  two  furrows  on 
either  side. 

5th.  Planting  the  seed  corn  in  those  two  latter  fur- 
rows, at  the  distance  of  10  inches  per  grain  asunder. 

6th.  Ploughing,  &c.  said  corn  all  one  way. 

N-  B.  The  space  between  the  rows  for  the  tillage 
•f  the  same  was  five  feet,  from  whi<!n  the  weeds,  &c. 
were  kept  cleansed. 

By  the  foregoing  method  the  ground  is  fitted  for  a 
succeeding  crop  of  winter  grain ;  the  usual  mode  of 


68  I  N  F— I  N  K 

9tirring  about  the  manure  exposes  a  great  proportion 
thereof  to  the  sun's  beams  by  which  means  the  life  of 
the  substance  becomes  rarified,  and  it  looses  much  of 
its  virtue. 

Preparation  of  Indian  Corn  for  planting, 

DISSOLVE  one  ounce  of  ealt  petre  in  two  and  an 
half  pints  of  tvarm  water;  soak  the  seed  12*hours.  It 
will  come  up  earlier,  be  sooner  ripe,  and  the  birds  will 
not  destroy  it.  It  is  thought,  however,  by  some  farm- 
ers that  when  seed  is  planted  early,  or  the  ground  is 
wet,  soaking  the  seed  is  injurious  by  weakening  the 
germinating  principle. 


INFLUEN2A,  coughs,  or  colds.  Cure  for. 

A  PINT  of  boiling  water;  one  ounce  of  rock  can* 
dy;  half  an  ounce  of  Gum  Arabic;  when  cold  add  one 
ounce  of  Paragoric ;  half  an  ounce  of  Antimonial  Wine. 
Take  half  a  wine  glass  of  this  mixture,  on  going  to  bed 
and  whenever  the  cough  is  troublesome  half  that  quan- 
tity. For  children  a  table  spoonful  on  going  to  bed, 
and  when  the  cough  is  troublesome  a  tea  spoonful. 

INK. 

Indelible  Ink.  Take  nitrate  of  silver  2  drachms, 
rain  water  2  ounces,  Tincture  of  galls  30  drops — the 
linen  should  be  first  wet  with  a  solution  of  Pearl  ash 
in  water  and  suffered  to  dry  previous  to  writing  on  it. 

Another  kind. 

THE  purple  precipitate  of  Cassius  is  recommended 
in  the  Italian  journals  as  an  indelible  ink,  much  superi- 
or to  that  of  silver.  That  part  of  the  linnen  on  which 
is  to  be  the  writing  is  to  be  moistened  with  a  solution 


INK— INS  ■  69 

of  recently  made  muriate  of  tin,  and  when  dry  to  be  writ- 
ten on  with  solution  of  gold,  and  then  washed  with 
water.  The  writing,  which  will  become  black  is  not 
at  all  affected  by  washing,  and  with  great  difficulty  by 
ether  agents,  and  not  before  the  cloth  is  destroyed. 

A  good  writing  ink. 

TMCE  four  ounces  of  Nutgalls  well  pulverized,  twe 
ounces  of  Copperas,  and  two  ounces  of  Gum  Arabic 
and  one  quart  rain  water  j  mix  and  shake  them  well 
and  often. 


INK  POWDER. 

TAKE  six  ounces  of  gall  nuts  and  as  much  Gum  Ar- 
abic and  Copperas.  Let  themjbe  well  pulverized  and 
kept  from  the  air.  Put  them  into  three  pints  of  rain 
water,  and  one  pint  of  vinegar  fehake  the  ingredients 
well  and  keep  them  warm,  and  in  about  seven  days 
your  ink  will  be  fit  for  use. 


insects  that  infest  Apple  Trees. 

T\KE  a  quantity  of  unslacked  lime,  mix  it  with  as 
soft  water  as  you  can  procure,  to  the  consistency  of  a 
very  thick  whitewash  ;  apply  Ihis  mixture,  with  a  soft 
paint  brush  to  the  apple-trees,  as  soon  as  it  is  judged 
that  the  sap  begins  to  rise,  and  wash  the  stem  and  large 
boughs  with  it,  taking  care  to  have  it  done  in  dry  wea- 
ther, that  it  may  adhere  and  withstand  rain  In  the 
course  of  the  ensuing  summer  this  will  be  found  to 
have  removed  the  moss  and  insects,  and  given  to  the 
bark  a  fresh  green  appearance,  and  the  tree  will  also 
be  perceived  to  shoot  much  n^w  and  strong  wood  ;  at 
least,  it  did  so  in  Nova  Scotia.  "The  trial  is  simple, 
and  caa  neither  be  attended  with  much  expense,  trou#» 
g2 


70  I  R  O— J  A  U 

ble  or  danger."  It  is  obvious  that  this  whitewashing 
of  trees,  for  it  is  nothing  more,  though  particularly  re- 
Commended  for  appletrees,  might  be  usefnl  to  trees  of 
other  kinds. 


iron  stoves.    Cracks  in,  how  mended, 

WHEN  a  crack  is  discovered  in  a  stove,  through 
which  the  fire  or  smoke  penetrates,  the  aperture  may 
be  completely  closed  in  a  moment  with  a  composition 
consisting  of  wood  ashes  and  common  salt,  made  up 
into  a  paste  with  a  little  water,  and  plastered  over  the 
crack.  Tbe  good  effect  is  equally  certain,  whether 
tke  stove,  &c.  be  cold  or  hot. 


itch,  cure  for.     See  Ointment. 


jaundice.     Cure  for. 

TAKE  half  a  pint  of  cinders  from  the  back  of  a 
chimney,  and  pulverize  them;  add  to  this  an  equal 
quantity  of  the  bark  of  a  young  white  pine  tree — put 
them  together  in  two  quarts  of  water,  and  boil  them 
down  to  one  quart,  then  strain  it  and  let  it  settle. 
Take  a  wine  glass  full  of  it  three  mornings  in  succes- 
sion, then  omit  three  mornings,  then  take  it  three 
mornings,  and  so  continue  till  you  have  taken  nine 
glasses,  which  generally  effects  a  cure. 

Another. 

TAKE  the  white  of  an  egrg,  and  two  glasses  of 
spring  water,  'beat  well  together,  and  drink  it  every 
morning  till  the  cure  is  effected. 


J  AU  71 

Another* 

TAKE  a  large  handful  of  the  bark  of  black  alder^ 
cut  small ;  boil  in  a  quart  of  hard  cider  and  drink  free- 
ly when  cold.  The  bark  of  the  common  wild  black 
cherry  tree,  pulverised,  and  infused  in  cider,  or  spir- 
its, is  said  to  be  efficacious  in  removing  this  disorder. 

Another. 

BLOOD  root  powdered  and  given  in  doses  of  15  or 
20  grains. 

Another. 

[From  the  New-York  Medical  Repository.] 

TAKE  salt  of  tartar  one  ounce,  of  castile  soap,  gum 
arabic  each  half  an  ounce,  of  spirits  or  brandy  one  pint. 
The  ingredients  should  be  frequently  stirred  with  a 
stick,  and  shook  well  together,  and  after  standing  four 
or  five  days  the  medicine  will  be  fit  for  use.  The  dose 
is  two  thirds  of  a  wine  glass,  mixed  with  one  third  of 
a  wine  glass  of  water,  every  morning  for  three  days  ia 
succession,  when  it  may  be  left  off  for  two  or  three  mor- 
nings, and  taken  again  in  the  same  way,  if  necessary, 
until  the  disease  begins  to  disappear.  Where  the  case 
is  bad,  it  should  be  taken  every  morning  until  relief  is 
procured. 

Saponaceous  draught  for  the  Yellow  Jaundice.. 

TAKE  from  two  to  four  scruples  of  Castile  or  Ven- 
ice soap,  according  to  the  age  and  state  of  the  patient, 
and  the  disease,  boil  it  in  six  ounces  of  milk  till  reduc- 
ed to  four;  then  add  three  drams  of  sugar,  and  strain 
it  for  a  draught.  This  quantity  is  to  be  taken  every 
morning  and  afternoon  for  four  or  five  days,  and  is  es- 
teemed a  mo3t  prevailing  medicine   against  the  jaun- 


72  LA  M— L  E  A 

dice.  The  celebrated  French  physician  Barbette,  re- 
lates his  having  cured  with  a  similar  saponaceous 
draught,  a  young  woman  of  the  most  dreadful  epilep- 
tic fits,  with  which  she  had  been  afflicted  nearly  a  ypar. 
After  once  purging-  her,  he  gave  her  twice  a  day  half 
a  dram  of  Venice  soap,  boiled  in  six  ounces  of  milk  till 
reduced  to  three,  for  each  dose;  which,  in  about  thir- 
ty days  completely  cured  her. 


L/fMBS. 

WHEN  Iambs  are  not  owned  by  their  dams  feed 
them  as  follows:  Boil  1-4  of  a  pound  of  tormentil)  in  a 
gallon  of  water  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  and  strain  it:  add 
1-4  with  the  cows  milk,  which  reduces  the  milk  to  a 
proper  thinness,  and  remedies  the  purging  quality  of 
the  milk. 

lambs — Shearing  of 

THE  largest  lambs  should  be  sheared  at  the  time  of 
the  new  moon,  in  July.  Their  fleeces  will  yield  a9 
much  the  next  year,  and  the  wool  will  be  better,  and 
as  cold  storms  rarely  happen  at  that  time  of  the  year, 
lambs  will  do  better  without  their  fleeces  than  with 
them. 


LEATHER. 

How  to  make  Leather  Water  Proof, 

TAKE  one  pint  of  linseed  oil,  six  ounces  of  bees 
wax,  eight  ounces  mutton  suet;  melt  the  whole  togeth- 
er slowly,  rub  the  composition  well  upon  boots  and 
shoes  sole  leather  as  well  as  upper  leather.  Care 
must  be  taken  not  to  «se  the  composition,  too  warm. 


Lie  73 

Another. 

TAKE  one  pint  of  drying  oil,  two  ounces  of  bees 
wax,  two  ounces  of  spirits  of  turpentine,  one  ounce  of 
Bursrundy  pitch,  melt  and  mix  them  carefully  over  a 
slow  fire.  Those  to  whom  the  smell  of  turpentine 
may  be  disagreeable  may  add  a  few  drams  of  some  cheap 
essential  oil,  as  of  lavender,  thyme  and  the  like.  With 
this  composition  new  boots  and  shoes  are  rubbed  ei- 
ther in  the  sun  or  at  some  distance  from  the  fire,  with 
a  sponge  or  soft  brush.  The  operation  to  be  repeated 
as  often  as  they  become  dry,  until  they  become  fully- 
saturated.  The  shoes  and  boots,  thus  prepaied,  ought 
not  to  be  worn  until  they  have  become  perfectly  dry 
and  elastic,  as  in  the  contrary  case  the  leather  will  be 
too  soft,  and  wear  out  sooner  than  the  common  kind, 
without  this  preparation. 

German  Method  of  Blackening  Leather. 

TAKE  two  pounds  of  the  bark  of  elder,  and  the  same 
quantity  of  the  filings  of  iron  rust ;  steep  them  in  two 
gallons  of  river  water  and  put  them  in  a  cask  or  earth- 
en vessel  closely  stopped.  After  it  has  stood  two 
months,  put  to  the  liquid,  when  well  pressed  out,  one 
pound  of  powdered  nut  galls,  and  a  quarter  of  a  pound 
of  copperas;  then,  after  stirring  it  over  a  good  fire, 
press  out  the  liquid,  with  which  the  leather  must  be 
three  or  four  times  brushed  over,  when  it  becomes  of 
an  excellent  and  most  durable  black. 


lice  on  Apple  Trees. 

THE  lice  which  infest  Apple  and  other  trees  issue 
from  their  abodes,  and  appear  on  the  body  of  the  tr^e 
as  hard  vegetable  barnacles,  and  ascend  to  the  limbs 
early  in  June,  when  they  may  be  easily  destroyed  by  a 
swab  with  hot  water.     This  will  destroy  them  more 


74  1 1  P— L  0  C—L  U  N 

effectually  than  scraping  the  trees.  They  are  almost 
invisible  to  the  naked  eye  ;  but  discoverable  by  myri- 
ads by  a  magnifying  glass. 

Lice  on  Cattle. 

COLLECT  a  quantity  of  dry  dirt  and  put  it  in  a  box 
$r  tub  in  the  barn  ;  and  occasionally  sift  or  strew  seme 
of  the  dirt  over  the  body  of  each  creature.  It  is  paid 
upon  good  authority,  that  if  cattle  are  ever  so  much 
infested  with  lice,  this  process,  a  few  times  repeated, 
will  remove  them. 


up  salve.  > 

TAKE  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  hard  marrow  from 
the  bone,  melt  it  over  a  slow  fire,  as  it  gradually  dis- 
solves pour  the  liquid  into  an  earthern  pipkin ;  then 
add  to  it  an  ounce  of  spermaceti,  twenty  raisins  of  the 
sun  stoned,  and  a  small  portion  of  alkanet  joot,  suffi- 
cient to  give  it  a  bright  vermillion  colour.  Simmer 
these  over  a  slow  fire  for  ten  minutes ;  then  strain  the 
whole  through  muslin,  and  while  hot  stir  into  it  a  tea- 
spoonful  of  the  balsam  of  Peru.  Four  it  out  into 
small  boxes,  and  as  soon  as  it  stiffens  it  will  be  fit  for 
use. 


fcOCK-JAW. 

BRANDY  and  Opium  mixed  have  been  successfully 
administered  in  the  Lock  Jaw. 


lungs,  weakness  of. 

WEAKNESS  of  the  lungs  may  be  remedied  by  a  free 
use  of  Kaskarilla,  and  tincture  of  myrrh.     A  decoction 


M  A  N  75 

of  Ka=kari11a  may  be  made  by  steeping"  half  a  pound  of 
it  in  two  or  three  quarts  of  water.  A  wine  glass  full 
of  it  may  b«  taken  two  or  three  times  a  day.  About 
two  toa  spoonsful  of  the  tincture  of  myrrh  maybe  ta- 
ken daily  in  a  teacup  of  water,  or  the  decoction  of  the 
Kdskarilla. 


mangoes,  how  made. 

CUT  a  square  piece  out  of  the  sides  of  the  melons 
or  cucumber-,  and  take  out  the  seeds  with  a  teaspoon. 
Put  the  fruit  into  very  strong  salt  and  water  for  a 
week,  stirring  them  well  two  or  three  times  a  day. 
Then  place  them  in  a  pan,  on  a  quantity  of  vine  (or 
cabbage)  leaves,  and  cover  them  over  with  as  many 
more ;  beat  fine  a  little  roche  alum,  put  it  into  the  salt 
and  water  out  of  which  the  melons  have  been  taken, 
pour  it  over  them,  an  1  set  them  on  a  slow  fire  for  four 
or  five  hours,  or  till  they  get  of  a  good  green.  Take 
them  out,  and  drain  them  in  a  hair  sieve  ;  and  when 
cold,  fill  into  them  horse-radish,  mustard  seed,  garlic 
and  pepper  corns.  If  the  fruit  be  cucumbers,  put 
a  few  slices  of  cucumbers  in  the  centre  of  this  mix- 
ed stuffing.  Sew  on  with  a  thread  the  pieces  taken 
out,  and  to  every  gallon  of  vinegar  for  covering  and 
preserving  them  add  an  ounce  each  of  mace  and  cloves ; 
tvyo  ounces  each  of  alspice,  sliced  ginger  root,  and 
long  and  black  pepper:  two  ounces  of  garlic  ;  a  large 
stick  of  horseradish  ;  and  three  ounces  of  mustard  seed 
tie!  up  in  a  bag.  Boil  this  well  together  for  a  feW 
tni'iites  only  and  pouring  it  on  the  pickles,  clo*e  up 
the  jar  air-tight.  The  confinement  of  the  mustard 
see d  is  a  very  good  method  to  adopt  on  other  occa- 
flitttt. 


re  man 


MANURE. 

IT  ha*  been  well  remarked  that  "manure  is  the 
great  sinew  of  agriculture,  as  money  is  of  war.  and  t4ie 
making1  the  best  of  every  advantage  or  opportunity  for 
increasing  the  quantity  of  it,  is  one  of  the  mo^t  prominent 
traits  in  the  character  of  a  good  farmer  "  The  follow- 
ing extracts  from  that  very  valuable  work  by  Sir  Hum- 
phrey Davy,  entitled  "Elements  of  Agricultural  Che- 
mistry" highly  deserve  the  attention  of  every  farmer. 

As  different  manures  contain  different  proportions  of 
the  elements  necessary  for  vegetation,  so  they  require 
a  different  treatment  to  enable  them  to  produce  their 
full  effects  in  agriculture. 

Ail  green  succulent  plants  contain  saccharine  or  mu- 
cilaginous matter,  with  woody  fibre,  and  readily  fer- 
ment. They  cannot  therefore,  if  intended  for  manure, 
be  used  too  soon  after  their  death. 

When  green  crops  are  to  be  employed  for  enriching 
a  soil,  they  should  be  ploughed  in,  if  possible,  when 
in  flower,  or  at  the  time  the  flower  is  beginning  to 
appear :  for  it  is  at  this  period  that  they  contain  the 
largest  quantity  of  easily  soluble  matter,  and  that  their 
leaves  are  most  active  in  forming  nutritive  matter. 
Green  crops,  pond  weeds,  the  paring  of  hedges  or 
ditches,  or  any  kind  of  fresh  vegetable  matter,  re- 
quire no  preparation  to  fit  them  for  manure.  The  de- 
composition slowly  proceeds  beneath  the  soil ;  the 
soluble  matters  are  gradually  dissolved,  and  the  s'ight 
fermentation  that  goes  on  checked  by  the  want  of  a  fret 
communication  of  air,  tends  to  render  the  woody  fibre 
soluble  without  occasioning  the  rapid  dissipation  of 
elastic  matters. 


MAN  rn 

When  old  pastures  are  broken  up  and  made  arable, 
not  only  has  the  soil  been  enriched  by  the  death  and 
slow  decay  of  the  plants  which  have  left  soluble  mat- 
ters in  the  soil ,  but  the  leaves  and  roots  of  the  gras- 
ses living  at  the  time  and  occupying  so  large  a  part  of 
the  surface,  afford  saccharine,  mucilaginous,  and 
extractive  matters,  which  become  immediately  the 
food  of  the  crop,  and  the  gradual  decomposition  af* 
fords  a  supply  for  successive  years. 

Dry  Straw  of  wheat,  oats,  barley,  beans,  and  peas* 
and  spoiled  hay,  or  any  similar  kind  of  dry  vegetable 
matter,  is  in  all  cases,  useful  manure.  In  general  such 
substances  are  made  to  ferment  before  they  are  em- 
ployed, though  it  may  be  doubted  whether  the  prac- 
tice should  indiscriminately  be  adopted. 

When  straw  is  made  to  ferment  it  becomes  a  more 
manageable  manure ;  but  there  is  likewise,  on  the 
whole,  a  great  loss  of  nutritive  matter.  More  man- 
ure is  supplied  for  a  single  crop;  but  the  land  is  less 
improved  than  it  would  be,  supposing  the  whole  of  the 
vegetable  matter  could  be  finely  divided  and  mixed 
with  the  soil. 

'  It  is  usual  to  carry  straw  that  can  be  employed  for 
no  other  purpose,  to  the  dunghill,  to  ferment  and  de- 
compose ;  but  it  is  worth  experiment,  whether  it  maj- 
not  be  more  economically  applied  when  chopped  small 
by  a  proper  machine  and  kept  dry  till  it  is  ploughed  in 
for  the  use  of  a  crop.  In  this  case,  though  it  would 
decompose  much  more  slowly  and  produce  less  effect 
at  first,  yet  its  influence  would  be  much  more  lasting. 

Wood-ashes  imperfectly  formed,  that  is  wood  ashes 
containing  much  charcoal,  are  said  to  have  been  used 
with  success  as  a  manure.  A  part  of  their  effects  may 
be  owing  to  the  slow  and  gradual  consumption  of  the 
charcoal,  which  seems  capable  tinder  other  circunH 
H 


'8  MAN 

stances  than  those  of  actual  combNstion,  of  absorbing 
oxygene  so  as  to  become  carbonic  acid. 

Manures  from  animal  substances  in  general  require 
no  chemical  preparations  to  fit  them  for  the  soil  The 
great  object  of  the  farmer  is  to  blend  them  wjth  earthy 
constituents  in  a  proper  state  of  division  and  to  pre- 
vent *iheir  too  rapid  decomposition. 

The  entire  parts  of  the  muscles  of  land  animals  are 
Dot  commonly  used  as  a  manure  though  there  are  ma- 
ny cases  in  which  such  an  application  might  be  easily 
made.  Horses,  dogs,  sheep,  deer  and  other  quadru- 
peds that  have  died  accidentally,  or  of  disease,  after 
their  skins  are  separated,  are  often  suffered  to  remain 
exposed  to  the  air  or  immersed  in  water,  till  they  are 
destroyed  by  birds  or  beasts  of  prey,  or  entirely  de- 
composed ;  and  in  this  case  most  of  their  original  mat- 
ter is  lost  on  the  land  on  which  they  lie,  and  a  consid- 
erable portion  of  it  employed  in  giving  off  noxious 
gasses  to  the  atmosphere. 

By  covering  dead  animals  with  five  or  six  times  their 
bulk  of  soil,  mixed  with  one  part  of  lime,  and  suffering 
them  to  remain  for  a  few  months,  their  decomposition 
would  impregnate  the  soil  with  soluble  matters  so  as  to 
render  it  an  excellent  manure ;  and  by  mixing  a  little 
fresh  quick  lime  with  it  at  the  time  of  its  removal,  the 
disagreeable  effluvia  would  be  in  a  great  measure  de- 
stroyed ;  and  it  might  be  applied  in  the  same  way  as 
any  other  manure  to  crops.  ^ 


Fish  forms  powerful  manure  in  whatever  state  it  ite 
applied  :  but  it  cannot  be  ploughed  in  too  fresh,  though 
the  quantity  be  limited.  Mr.  Young  records  an  expe- 
riment in  which  herrings  spread  over  a  field  and 
ploughed  in  for  wheat,  produced  so  rank  a  crop,  that  it 
was  entirely  laid  before  harvest. 


MAP  79 

It  is  easy  to  explain  the  operations  as  a  manure. 
The  skin  is  principally  gelatine  ;  which  from  its  slight 
state  of  cohesion  is  readily  soluble  in  water,  fat  or  oil; 
is  always  found  in  fishes,  either  under  the  skin,  or  in 
some  of  the  viscera ;  and  their  fibrous  matter  contains 
ill  the  essential  elements  of  vegetable  substances. 


-     maple  sugar — how  made. 

SCALD  your  buckets  for  catching  sap  before  tap- 
ping the  trees. 

The  sap  should  be  kept  clean  from  dirt  through  the 
process  of  boiling. 

Avoid  leaving  your  sap  long  in  an  iron  kettle,  as  the 
rust  will  give  it  a  dark  colour. 

When  nearly  boiled  down  to  sirup  (or  thin  molasses) 
a  little  lime  thrown  into  the  kettle  will  be  of  use. 

At  this  stage  of  boiling  as  well  as  in  sugaring  off, 
care  should  be  taken  to  avoid  heating  the  top  of  the 
kettle  too  hot,  or  any  other  way  burning,  as  it 
will  injure  the  colour,  as  well  as  the  flavour  of  the 
sugar. 

When  the  syrup  is  boiled  down,  turn  it  while  hot,  in- 
to a  clean  wooden  vessel,  let  it  stand  two  or  three  days 
and  settle  :  then  turn  it  carefully  from  the  dirt  at  the 
bottom  and  strain  it. 

Hang  it  over  a  gentle  fire,  and  when  it  is  warm,  stir 
in  one  pint  of  milk  to  four  or  iiv<-  gallons  syrup,  which 
will  rise  as  it  begins  to  boil,  and  must  be  taken  off  with 
a  skimmer, 


80  ME  A 

If  you  wish  to  make  your  sugar  very  nice,  cool  it 
until  one  half  or  two  thirds  will  grain,  turn  it  hot  into 
a  tight  cask ;    let  it  stand  undisturbed  in  a  cellar,  or 

other  cool  place  until  it  is  grained  at  the  bottom 

Turn  off  the  molasses  and  turn  the  cask  bottom  up- 
wards over  some  vessel  to  catch  what  will  drain  out : 
let  it  stand  as  long  as  any  will  drop,  then  set  your  cask 
upright,  and  what  moisture  remains  will  settle  to 
the  bottom,  leaving  the  top  dry  and  ofasuperiour 
quality. 

If  you  wish  to  make  dry  sugar  without  draining, 
there  are  various  modes  of  ascertaining  when  it  is 
boiled  sufficiently  ;  perhaps  as  sure  a  method  is  to  drop 
dome  on  snow  and  let  it  cool,  if  it  is  brittle  as  rosin  it 

is  done. 


mead  or  methegun,  how  made. 

FOR  every  gallon  of  wine  or  metheglin  to  bcmacfe, 
take  one  pound  and  a  half  of  honey,  half  an  ounce  of 
tartar  or  Bologna  argol,  and  three  fourths  of  a  pound 
of  fruit.  If  for  white  wine,  white  argol  should  be  used 
with  white  currants,  and  if  for  red  wine,  red  argol, 
with  red  currants  or  raspberries.  Prepare  the  honey, 
by  mixing  it  with  as  much  water  as  nil/,  when  added 
to  the  juice  of  the  fruit,  allowing  for  diminution  by  boil- 
ing, &c.  make  the  proposed  quantity  of  wine.  This 
being  well  boiled  and  clarified,  infuse  it  in  a  moderate 
quantity  of  rosemary  leaves,  lavender,  andsweetbnar; 
and  when  they  have  remained  two  days,  strain  it  to  the 
expressed  juice  of  the  fruit,  put  in  the  dissolved  argol, 
stir  the  whole  well  together,  and  leave  it  to  ferment. 
In  two  or  throe  days  put  it  in  a  seasoned  barrel,  keep 
filling  it  up  as  the  liquor  flows  over,  and  on  its  ceasing 
to  work  sink  in  it  a  bag  of  Seville  orange  and  lemon 
peel,  with  cinnamon,  cloves  and  nutmegs,  and  closely 
bung  up  the  cask.     If  kept  for  six  months  or  more,  in 


ME  A  .  SI 


the  cask,  and  at  least  nine  in  the  bottles,  it  will  be  tru- 
ly excellent.  In  a  similar  way  may  be  made  all  fruit 
wines,  by  thus  substituting  honey  for  sugar. 


MEASLES    IN    SWINE, 

ABOUT  once  a  week,  mix  two  spoonsful  of  madder 
in  their  food,  which  prevents  obstructions,  acting  as  a 
diuretic,  and  at  the  same  time  an  astringent.  And,  on 
some  other  day  in  the  week,  give  a  spoonful  or  two  of 
an  equal  quantity  of  flour  of  sulphur,  andsajt  petre,  well 
pounded  and  mixed. 


MEAT 

MAY  be  preserved  fresh  many  months,  by  keeping 
it  immersed  in  molasses.  A  joint  of  meat,  or  any  pre- 
vision, suspended  in  a  flannel  bag  will  keep  sweet  much 
longer  than  by  most  of  the  modes  commonly  practised. 
The  cooler  and  dryer  the  meat  is,  when  the  flannel  is 
put  round  it  the  better,  and  the  flannel  should  be  per- 
fectly clean. 

Another  way  to  preserve  Meat. 

PUT  fresh  meat  in  a  close  vessel,  containing  vinpgar, 
which  will  preserve  it  a  considerable  time.  Tainted 
meat  may  be  rendered  good,  by  pickling  it  in  pearl  ash 
water  for  some  time.  Before  it  is  cooked,  however, 
it  should  be  dipped  in  vinegar,  a  short  time,  and  then 
salted  in  brine. 

To  Cure  Putrid  Meat. 

PUT  the  meat  intended  for  making  soup  into  a  sauce- 
pan full of  water  ;  skim  it  when  it  boils;  then  throw 
into  the  sauce  pan  a  burning  coal,  very  compact  and 

h2 


82  M  E  A 

destitute  ofsmoke  ;  leave  it  there  for  two  minutes,  and 
it  will  have  contracted  all  the  smell  of  the  meat  and 
the  soup.  If  you  wish  to  roast  a  piece  of  meat  on  the 
spit,  you  must  put  it  into  the  water  till  it  boils,  and'af- 
ter  having  skimmed  it,  throw  a  burning  coal  into  the 
water,  boiled  as  before — at  the  end  of  two  minutes, 
take  out  the  meat,  and  having  wiped  it  well  in  order  to 
dry  it,  put  it  on  the  spit. 

Another. 

WHEN  meat  has  become  tainted,  after  having  been 
pickled,  or  salted  down,  the  following  process,  it  is  said 
will  cure  it  :  Take  a  sufficient  quantity  of  charcoal, 
and  after  taking  out  the  meat,  and  throwing  away  the 
offensive  pickle  repack  it  in  the  barrel,  lay  pieces  of 
charcoal  between  the  pieces  of  meat,  and  making  a 
new  pickle,  and  adding  a  little  salt  petre.  In  about 
five  or  six  days  the  meat  will  become  as  sweet  as  it  was 
when  first  packed. 

On  keeping  meat 

THERE  are  two  points  to  be  considered  with  re- 
spect to  meat.  The  longer  it  is  kept  without  salt,  the 
tenderer  it  becomes.  If  it  receive  salt  in  this  'state  it 
will  become  correspondingly  tender,  and  the  smaller 
the  quantity  of  salt,used  in  its  preservation,  the  looser, 
sweeter  and  more  palatable  will  bo  the  meat. 

Beef.  Let  it  lie  in  a  cool  place,  without  freezing, 
about  a  week;  use  eight  ounces  pulverized  saltpetre, 
and  six  quarts  of  fine  salt  to  a  barrel — put  water  to 
these  in  a  convenient  vessel;  roll  the  pieces  of  beef 
separately  in  this;  pack  them  in  the  cask  lightly;  and 
in  two  or  three  days  fill  it  up  with  water  You  need 
not  be  alarmed  if  it  become  a  little  slippery  in  the 
spring,  provided  it  is  not  tainted-     The  plate  pieces  of 


M  E  A  m 

a  fat  beef  are  about  as  good  as  tongue,  and  keep  as  well 
as  pork. 

Ham.  For*  the  same  reason,  hams  impiove  by  lay- 
ing a. week  or  eight  days,  if  the  season  admits  of  it 
without  freezing  For  an  average  for  one  ham  use 
one  ounce  of  salt  petre;  or  if  large  two  ounces;  pul- 
verise it,  and  with  line  salt  and  water,  wet  the  hams 
and  lay  them  into  a  barrel.  Prepare  immediately  a 
weak  pickle,  to  the  taste  as  salt  as  the  ham  is  wanted, 
and  after  two  days  cover  the  ham  with  it.  In  two 
weeks  broil  a  slice,  if  necessary,  add  a  little  tine  salt; 
which  is  better  than  freshening  it,  if  too  salt.  In  three 
or  four  weeks  smoke  it.  Six  or  eight  pieces  may  be 
smoaked  in  a  week  in  a  common  oven-  Lay  them  on 
sticks  of  wood  ;  place  some  walnut  or  maple  chips 
within  the  lid  ;  raise  this  a  little  and  put  some  coals  to 
them.  The  smoke  thus  produced  is  much  better  ,than 
the  smoke  of  a  common  chimney. 

Russian  method  of  salting  meat. 

BOIL  over  a  gentle  tire  six  pounds  of  common  salt, 
two  pounds  of  powdered  loaf  sugar,  three  ounces  of 
saltpetre,  and  three  gallons  of  spring  water.  Carefully 
scum  it,  while  boiling;  and  when  quite  cold,  pour  it 
over  the  meat,  every  part  of  which  must  be  covered 
with  the  brine.  In  this  pickle,  it  is  said,  the  m^at  will 
not  only  keep  for  many  months,  but  the  hardest  and 
toughest  beef  will  thus  be  rendered  as  mellow  and 
tender  as  the  flesh  of  a  young  fowl  ;  while  either  beef, 
pork,  or  even  mutton,  will  have  a  fine  flavour  imparted 
by  it.  In  warm  weather,  however,  the  blood  must  be 
expressed  from  the  meat,  and  the  whole  well  rubbed 
o^er  with  fine  salt,  before  it  is  immersed  in  the  liquor. 
Young  pork  should  not  be  left  longer  than  three  or 
four  days  in  this  pickle,  as  it  will  then  be  quite  suffi- 
ciently softened ;  but  hams,  intended  for  drying,  may 
remain  a  fortnight  before  they  are  hung  up ;  when 


Si  MEA-MOL 

they  sbmsld  be  rubbed  with  pollard,  and  closely  cover- 
with  paper  bags  to  prevent  their  being  flyblown. 


MEAT  CAKES. 

AFTER  separating  the  fat  and  sinews  from  the  flesh 
of  a  leg  of  mutton,  beat  it  well,  in  a  marble  mortar, 
with  pepper,  salt,  and  onion  or  garlic  juice,  or  sweet 
herbs,  according  to  your  taste.  Make  the  meat,  thus 
prepared,  into  flat  cakes,  and  keep  them  closely 
pressed  between  two  dishes  for  twelve  hours,  then  fry 
them  with  butter,  in  which  they  are  to  be  served  up. 


MOLES. 

THE  Hon.  Jacob  Rush  of  Philadelphia,  from  some 
experiments  made  is  of  opinion,  that  dried  cod  fish,  cut 
into  small  pieces  and  put  into  the  earth,  will  drive 
away  moles  from  gardens.  Take  a  small  round  stick 
of  about  an  inch  in  diameter,  sharpened  at  the  point, 
and  perforate  the  ground  in  the  roads  of  the  moles  ; 
drop  in  a  small  piece  offish,  and  cover  the  hole  with  a 
lump  of  dirt  and  your  garden  will  be  rid  of  these  mis- 
chievous animals. 


moths,  how  to  preserve  Furs  and  Woollens  from. 

SPRINKLE  the  furs  or  woollen  stuffs,  as  well  as  the 
drawers  or  boxes  in  which  they  are  k^pt,  with  spirits 
of  turpentine ;  the  unpleasant  fcent  of  which  will 
speedily  evaporate,  on  exposure  of  the  stuffs  to  the  air. 
Some  persons  place  sheets  of  paper,  moistened  with 
spirits  of  turpentine,  over,  under,  or  between  pieces  of 
c4oth,  &c.  and  tindit  a  very  effectual  method. 


MUR—MUS  85 


MURRAIN. 

CLEANLY  stable3,  dry  sweet  straw  for  fitter,  often 
changed,  sweet  clear  water,  the  rack  staves  and  trough 
annointed  with  tar  sulphur  and  assafoetida  mixed ;  a 
free  use  of  salt  slightly  mixed  with  sulphur.  Should 
one  of  the  cattle  be  infected,  remove  him  from  the 
rest.  Fumigate  the  stable  with  vinegar  poured  on 
hot  stones,  and  rub  the  noses  of  the  sound  with  the 
above  mixture,  and  in  case  of  death  bury  the  aaimal 
deep  with  the  hide  on. 


murrain,  remedy  for. 

MIX  a  pint  and  a  half  of  wine  which  has  stood  sev- 
eral days  exposed  to  the  air,  with  two  ounces  of  hens' 
dung ;  give  it  to  the  beast  every  evening  for  four  times, 
or  more  if  needful. 

This  is  a  plain  simple  remedy,  but  it  possesses  great 
powers.  These  ingredients  abound  in  a  volatile  salt, 
which  will  have  great  effects  in  this  disorder  as  is  abun- 
dantly proved  by  experiment. 


muslin  or  linnen,  a  composition  for  washing- 

TAKE  of  water,  or  water  saturated  with  lime,  about 
twelve  parts,  in  which,  assisted  by  heat  when  necessa- 
ry, infuse  from  two  to  six  parts  of  what  is  usually  called 
sub-carbonate  of  potash,  or  sub-carbonate  of  soda,  or 
both,  according  to  the  purposes  for  which  the  said 
composition  is  intended.  To  this  alkaline  liquor  when 
hot,  in  the  copper  or  otherwise,  add  from  four  to  sev- 
en or  more  parts  of  common  soap,  sliced  or  macerated, 
or  in  any  form  b  -st  calculated  to  incorporate  it  with  the 
mass,   and  afford  a  compound  of  the  consistence  of 


86  MUS 

cream  or  butter,  or  even  of  tallow  or  of  ordinary  soap, 
When  the  whole  composition  is  sufficiently  incorpora- 
ted, if  in  a  hot  state,  stir  it  in  the  copper  till  it  becomes 
cool,  or  transfer  it  to  another  vessel  and  do  the  same. 
The  Composition  will  be  stronger  or  weaker  in  propor- 
tion to  the  purity  of  the  sub-carbonate  of  potash,  or  of 
soda  made  use  of,  or  of  both,  when  both  are  employed 
together;  it  will  be  therefore  necessary  to  be  particu- 
larly attentive  to  this  circumstance.  It  will  be  also  bet- 
ter to  strain  off  the  sediment  of  the  lime  water  and  al- 
kali, or  alkalies  when  mixed. 


MUSQUETOES. 

TO  prevent  the  bite  of  musquetoes,  rub  the  oil  of 
pennyroyal,  a  little  weakened  on  the  hands  and  face. 


mustard,  how  mixed. 

BOIL  a  sufficient  quantity  of  horse  radish  in  the  best 
white  wine  vinegar,  add  to  it  half  as  much  mountain 
or  good  raisin  wine,  and  a  little  double  refined  sugar  ; 
then  make  it  up  to  a  proper  consistency  with  the  best 
unadulterated  Durham  flour  of  mustard,  stop  it  up 
close,  and  it  will  keep  for  years.  Mustard  thus  made 
has  an  inconceivably  fine  spirit  and  flavour.  Common 
keeping  mustard  may  be  made  by  only  substituting  wa- 
ter for  the  vinegar,  with  or  without  garlic,  and  a  little 
salt.  The  flour  of  mustard  should  be  gradually  mix- 
ed with  the  boiling  water  or  vinegar,  to  a  proper  thick- 
ness, and  rubbed  perfectly  smooth. 

Another  way  for  immediate  use. 

MIX  the  mustard  with  new  milk  by  degrees,  to  be 
quite  smooth,  and  add  a  little  raw  cream.  It  is  much 
softer  this  way  if  not  better,  and  will  keep  well. — A 


NAI— NET  8t 

tea  spoonfull   of  sugar  to  half  a  pint  of  mustard  is  a 
great  improvement,  and  foftens  it. 


rail. 

How  to  extract  poison  from  a  rusty  Nail. 

TAKE  a  bean,  after  splitting  it  apply  one  half  (flat 
Side)  to  the  wound,  bind  iton,  let  it  remain  till  it  comes 
off  itself,  and  the  poison  will  be  extracted  and  the 
wound  healed. 


nettle,  medical  virtues  of. 

THE  common  stinging  nettle,  apparpntly  as  useless 
and  troublesome  a  plant  as  anythat  has  been  stigmatiz- 
ed with  the  name  of  weed,  is  one  of  the  most  effica- 
cious medicines  we  have  in  the  vegetable  kingdom  :  in 
the  form  of  a  strong  decoction  or  infusion  taken  in  the 
quantity  of  a  pound  a  day,  it  is  a  most  valuable  strength- 
ener  of  general  or  partial  relaxation.  In  that  of  a 
weak  decoction  or  infusion,  it  proves  an  admirable 
alterative,  and  deob«truent  in  impurities  of  the  blood, 
and  in  obstructions  of  the  vessels.  And  in  that  of  ex- 
pressed juices,  taken  by  spoonfuls  as  the  exigency  of 
the  case  requires — it  is  the  most  powerful  styptic  in 
internal  bleedings  known.  Externally  applied  as  a 
fermentation  or  poultice,  it  amazingly  discusses  inflam- 
mation, resolves  swellings.  In  the  common  sore 
throat,  thus  applied  and,  internally  as  a  gargle  depen- 
dence may  safely  be  put  on  this  common  plant. 

English  Magazine, 


OIL 


oil  essential,  how  obtained from  Flowers 

TAKE  a  clean  earthern  pipkin  or  deep  dish,  in 
which  place  a  layer  of  cotton  previously  steeped  in 
some  inodorous  oil,  as  pure  Florence  oil,  or  the  oil  of 
the  benny  seed  when  fresh  and  tasteless.  On  this  place 
a  layer  of  the  fresh  gathered  leaves  of  the  rose,  tube- 
rose, sweet  pink,  jasmine  or  other  odoriferous  flower 
or  plant ;  over  this  layer  place  another  of  cotton  which 
has  been  steeped  in  oil  as  before  directed,  and  thus 
continue  till  you  have  filled  the  vessel  with  alternate 
layers  of  leaves  and  cotton,,  or  you  have  the  desired 
quantity,  when  cover  it  up  closely,  and  let  it  stand  for 
four  or  five  days,  when  the  oil  will  be  found  to  have 
fully  imbibed  the  odonr  of  the  leaves  ;  then  take  them 
out,  express  the  oil  carefully  from  the  cotton,  and  bot- 
tle it  up  for  use. 


oil  or  tallow,  how  extracted  from  papers,  fyc. 

HAVING  got  ready  some  common  blotting  paper, 
gently  warm  the  spotted  part  of  the  book  or  paper 
damaged  by  the  grease,  and,  as  it  melts,  take  up  as 
much  as  possible,  by  repeated  applications  of  fresh  bits 
of  the  blotting  paper.  When  no  more  can  be  thus  im- 
bibed, dip  a  small  brush  in  the  essential  oil  of  well  rec- 
tified spirits  of  turpentine,  heated  almost  to  a  boiling 
state,  and  wet  with  it  both  sides  of  the  paper,  which 
should  also  be  at  the  same  time  a  little  warm.  This 
operation  must  be  repeated  till  all  the  grease  is  extrac- 
ted ;  when  another  brush,  dipped  in  highly  rectified 
spirits  of  wine,  being  passed  over  the  same  part,  the 
spot  or  spots  will  entirely  disappear,  and  the  paper  re- 
assume  its  original  whiteness,  without  the  least  de- 
triment to  the  paper  or  the  printing  or  writing5 
tjiereoii. 


OIL— OIN  SO 


OIL  OF  BALSAM  OF  GILEAD,  koW  oltaintd. 

THIS  excellent  family  oil,  which  should  be  kept  in 
every  house,  is  made  in  the  following  simple  manner. 
Put  loosely  into  a  bottle  of  any  size,  as  many  balm  of 
gilead  flowers  as  will  reach  to  about  one  third  part  of 
its  height,  then  nearly  fill  up  the  bottle  with  good 
sweet  oil,  and  after  shaking  it  a  little  occasionally,  and 
letting  it+infuse  a  day  or  two,  it  is  fit  for  use.  It  must 
be  very  closely  stopped,  and  will  then  not  only  keep 
for  years,  but  be  the  better  for  keeping.  When  it  is 
about  half  used,  the  bottle  may  again  be  filled  up  with 
oil,  and  well  shaken  ;  and,  in  two  or  three  days,  it  will 
be  as  good  as  at  first.  The  most  alarming  cuts  and 
bruises  of  the  skin  which  are  so  frequently  rendered 
worse  by  spirituous  balsams,  salves,  &c.  are  Completely 
cured  in  a  i'ew  days,  and  sometimes  in  a  few  hours,  by 
this  incomparable  oil. 


OINTMENT  FOR  THE  ITCH. 

SULPHUR  two  ounces,  crude  sal  ammoniac  two 
drachms,  hogs'  lard  or  butter  four  ounces,  essence  of 
lemon  half  an  ounce. 

Another, 

FRESH  butter  one  pound,  red  precipitate  of  mer- 
cury one  ounce,  burgundy  pitch  two  ounces,  spirits  of* 
turpentine  two  ounces* 


OtNTMENT  FOR  EXCORIATIONS. 

MUTTON"  tallow  half  a  pound,  lard  half  a  pounrf* 
bees  wax  one  ounce,  red  lead  one  ounce. 


80  OPO-PAN 


opodeldoc,  how  made. 

TAKE  one  quart  splits  of  wine,  half  e  pound  white 
soap,  two  ounces  gum  camphor,  1-4  of  an  ounce,  oil 
origanum  ;  cut  the  soap  fine,  and  put  altogether  into  a 
tin  canister,  orsome  safe  vessel,  and  dissolve  the  whole 
on  a  moderate  fire,  stirring  it  often  with  a  pine  stick. 
When  nearly  cool,  and  before  it  coagulates,^>ut  it  into 
proper  vials.  This  is  an  excellent  application  for 
bruises,  sprains,  &c.  in  man  or  beast. 


pancakes,  of  Rice,  how  made. 

PUT  three  spoonsfull  of  the  flour  of  rice,  with  a 
grated  nutmeg,  into  a  pint  of  milk  and  a  pint  of  cream,' 
and  let  them  boil  till  they  become  as  thick  a*  pap ; 
Stirring  in,  while  boiling,  half  a  pound  of  butter. 
Then  pour  it  into  an  earthen  pan,  and  when  cold  put 
in  three  or  four  spoonsfull  more  of  rice  flour,  a  little 
Salt  some  sugar,  and  nine  eggs  well  beaten.  Mix  all 
together  and  fry  them,  with  a  very  little  butter,  in  a 
small  pan6    These  are  a  very  delicate  pancake. 


pancakes,  of  a  pink  colour,  how  made* 

PANCAKES  of  a  beautiful  pink  colour  are  easily 
ihade  by  the  following  simple  process.  Boil,  till  ten- 
der, a  large  blood  beet-root,  bruise  it  in  a  marble  mor- 
tar, put  to  it  the  yolks  of  fout  eggs,  two  spoonsful!  of 
flour,  three  of  cream,  half  a  grated  nutmeg,  sugar  to 
palate,  and  a  glass  of  brandy.  Mix  them  well  together, 
fry  them  carefully,  and  serve  them  up  with  a  garnish 
of  greea  sweetmeats, 


P  A  P— P  LA  91 


paper,  how  made  water  proof. 

IMMERSE  any  kind  of  paper  in  a  strong  solution  of 
alum  water — thoroughly  dry  it,  immerse  and  dry  it 
again. 


paper  hanging,  easy  method  of  cleaning. 

CUT  into  eight  half  quarters  a  quartern  loaf  of  two 
days  old,  it  must  be  neither  newer  nor  staler.  After 
having  with  a  pair  of  bellows  blowed  all  the  dust  from 
the  paper,  begin  with  one  of  these  pieces  at  the  top  of 
the  room,  holding  the  crust  in  the  hand,  and  wiping 
lightly  downward  with  the  crumb,  about  a  yard  at  each 
stroke  till  the  upper  part  is  completely  cleaned  all 
round.  Then  go  around  again  with  the  like  sweeping 
stroke  downward,  always  commencing  each  successive 
course  a  little  higher  than  the  upper  stroke  had  ex- 
tended, till  the  bottom  be  finished.  This  operation, 
if  carefully  performed,  will  frequently  make  very  old 
paper  look  almost  equal  to  new.  Great  caution  must 
be  used  not  by  any  means  to  rub  the  paper  hard,  nor 
to  attempt  cleaning  it  cross  way  or  horizontally.  The 
dirty  part  of  the  bread  too,  must  be  each  time  cut 
away,  and  the  pieces  renewed  as  soon  as  at  all  neces- 
sary. 


PLASTER  OF  PARIS, 

ONE  hundred  weight  of  plaster  of  Paris  is  a  small 
quantity  for  an  acre.  It  should  be  sown  in  a  moderate 
?ain,  and  when  the  air  is  calm.  There  is  no  doubt  of 
its  being  useful  in  almost  any  soil,  but  on  that  of  a  light 
and  loamy  kind  its  good  effects  are  more  readily  seen. 
The  plaster  should  be  ground  as  fine  as  flour.  Indeed 
it  is  impossible  to  make  it  too  fine. 


92  PEA 

It  is  recommended  in  order  to  ascertain  the  quality 
ot  plaster  to  place  a  quantity  pulverised  in  a  kettle, 
over  a  fire,  and  when  it  is  heated  it  emits  a  sulphurous 
smell.  If  tbe  ebullition  be  consideiable  it  is  good.  If 
small,  indifferent.  If  it  remain  an  inert  mass  it  is  worth- 
less. 


PEASE  SPLIT. 

PEASE  may  be  split  or  hulled  by  beingr  run  through 
a  common  grist  mill  with  but  a  small  stream  of  water 
to  turn  the  mill  stones  so  that  they  may  move  slow. 
The  upper  stone  should  be  hoisted  as  high  as  possible 
without  letting  the  pease  thro'  wiiole.  The  advantages 
of  splitting  pease  are  that  they  will  cook  better,  are  pre- 
served from  bugs  and  other  insects  and  the}'  will  fetch 
double  price  in  market.  The  refuse  peas  and  dust  will 
answer  for  hogs.  They  may  be  cleaned  by  a  fan 
or  winnowing  mill. 


peas.    Russian  method  of  preserving  green  for  winter. 

PUT  into  a  kettle  of  boiling  hot  water  any  quantity 
of  fresh  shelled  green  peas;  and  after  j\i>t  letting 
them  boil  up,  pour  them  into  a  colander  When  the 
liqudr  has  drained  off,  pour  them  into  a  large  thick 
cloth,  cover  them  with  another,  make  them  quite  dry, 
and  set  them  once  or  twice  in  a  cool  oven,  to  harden  a 
little  ;  after  which,  put  them  into  paper  bag?,  and  hang 
them  up  in  the  kitchen  for  use  To  prepare  them, 
when  wanted,  they  are  to  be  first  soaked  well  for  an 
hour  or  more,  and  then  put  into  warm  wa'er  and  boil- 
ed with  a  few  sprigs  of  mint,  otherwise  a  little  butter. 


PIC  93 


fickle,  Pococke's* 

TAKE  four  gallons  of  good  water,  one  pound  and  a 
quarter  of  Muscovado  sugar,  two  ounces  of  salt  petre, 
and  ten  pounds  of  salt.  Put  the  whole  into  a  clean  pot, 
and  let  it  boil,  taking  oft'  the  scum  carefully  as  it  rises  ; 
when  no  more  rises  take  it  off  the  fire  and  let  it  stand 
till  cold.  Then  having  put  the  meat  you  wish  to  keep, 
into  the  vessel  you  wish  to  keep  it  in,  pour  the  liquor 
over  the  meat  till  quite  covered,  in  which  condition  it 
must  be  kept.  Beef  preserved  in  this  manner  has  been 
as  sweet  after  lying  in  the  pickle  ten  weeks  as  if  only 
three  days  salted  and  as  tender  as  a  chicken. 

If  you  intend  to  preserve  your  meat  a  considerable 
time,  you  must  once  in  two  months  boil  the  pickle 
again,  simmering  it  as  before,  putting  in  two  ounces  of 
sugar,  and  two  pounds  of  salt.  This  same  pickle  will 
be  good  twelve  months. 

This  pickle  is  incomparable  to  cure  hams,  tongues, 
or  beef  which  you  intend  to  dry,  after  drying  them  to 
put  them  in  paper  bags,  and  then  hang  them  in  a  dry 
place. 

Unless  in  cold  weather  rub  the  meat  with  fine  white 
salt,  and  let  it  lie  in  all  the  night  before  you  put  it  into 
the  pickle. 


Pickle,  Hambro* 

TAKE  six  pounds  of  salt,  eight  ounces  brown  sugar, 
six  ounces  salt  petre :  dissolve  by  boiling  in  four 
gallons  of  water.  When  perfectly  cold  apply  it  to 
anv  kind  of  fresh  meat,  which  should  be  completely 
covered  with  the  pickle, 
i2 


94  P  I  C— P I  L— P  I  M 


pickling,  receipt  for. 

AFTER  cleansing  your  cask,  put  first  a  layer  of 
white  oak  leave9,  and  then  a  layer  of  cucumbers,  or 
whatever  your  pickles  consist  of  and  so  on  to  fill 
your  cask ;  intersperse  between  each  layer  dill  seed, 
mustard  seed,  horse-raddish,  &c  and  to  every  twenty 
cucumbers  one  bell  of  pepper.  Form  a  composition 
of  clear  salt  and  water,  not  hardly  sufficiently  strong 
to  bear  an  egg^  to  every  gallon  add  one  quart  of  good 
vinegar,  scald  and  skim  this  pickle,  and  after  cool  to  a 
degree  of  blood  warmth,  add  it  to  your  cask,  and  cover 
it  tight. 

If  rightly  performed,  this  method  will  preserve 
pickles  the  year  round,  and  forms  a  very  agreeable 
sauce. 


piles,  cure  for, 

TAKE  a  lump  of  strong  British  alum  about  two 
inches  in  length,  which  smooth  down  with  a  knife  to 
the  thickness  of  three  quarters  of  an  inch — apply  this 
morning  and  evening,  first  wetting  it  with  water.  In 
five  to  seven  days  the  cure  will  be  complete. 


riMPLED  face,  cure  for. 

T\KE  an  ounce  each  of  liver  of  sulphur,  roche 
alum  and  common  salt,  and  two  drams  each  of  sugar 
candy  and  spermaceti;  pound  and  sift  these  articles, 
then  put  the  whole  into  a  quart  bottle,  and  add  half  a 
pint  of  brandy,  three  ounces  of  white  lily  water,  and  the 
same  quantity  of  pure  spring  water;  shake  it  well 
together,  and  keep  it  for  use.  With  this  liquid  the 
fece  must  be  freely  and  frequently  bathed  ;    being 


PL  A— PLU— POI  95 

always  attentive  first  to  shake  the  bottle  ;  and,  ongoing 
to  bed  lay  all  over  the  face  a  linen  cloth  which  has 
been  dipped  in  it.  In  ten  or  twelve  days,  at  farthest, 
it  is  said,  that  it  will  effect  a  complete  cure.  One 
thing  is  certain,  that  nothing  in  this  composition  can 
prove  injurious. 


plate  silver,  to  give  a  lustre  to. 

DISSOLVE  a  quantity  of  alum  in  water,  so  as  to  make 
a  pretty  strong  brine,  which  you  must  skim  very 
carefully  ;  add  some  soap  to  it,  and  when  you  wish  to 
use  it,  dip  a  piece  of  linen  rag  in  it  and  rub  over  your 
pieces  of  plate.  This  process  will  add  much  to  its 
lusture. 


plums,  peaches,  &c.  how  kept  fresh  through  the  year. 

BEAT  well  up  together  equal  quantities  of  honey 
and  spring  water  ;  pour  it  into  an  earthen  vessel,  put 
in  the  fruits  all  freshly  gathered  and  cover  them  quite 
close  ♦  When  any  of  the  fruit  is  taken  out,  wash  it  in 
cold  water,  and  it  is  fit  for  immediate  use. 


POISONS. 

THE  following  useful  directions  in  cases  of  poison 
are  given  by  Dr.  John  Stone  of  Birmingham,  Eng- 
land. 

1st.  When  the  preparations  of  arsenic,  mercury,  or 
any  metal,  or  when  any  unknown  sustance  or  matter 
has  been  swallowed,  and  there  have  speedily  ensued 
heat  of  the  mouth  and  throat,  violent  pain  of  the  sto- 
mach, itching  and  vomiting — immediately  drink  a  plen- 
ty of  warm  water,  with  common  soap  scraped  or  dis- 


96  POI 

solved  in  it.  Two  or  three  quarts  of  warm  water,  with 
from  three  or  four  ounces  of  soap  to  half  a  pound  will 
not  be  any  too  much. 

2d.  When  any  of  the  preparations  of  opium,  hen 
bane,  night  shade,  hemlock,  tobacco,  fox  glove,  or 
stramonium,  or  any  poisonous  fungus  mistaken  for 
mushrooms  or  spirituous  liquors  in  excess,  or  any  other 
unknown  matters  have  been  swallowed,  exciting  sick- 
ness without  pain  of  the  stomach,  or  producing  giddi- 
ness, drowsiness  or  sleep — give  instantly  one  table 
spoonful  of  flour  of  mustard  in  water,  and  repeat  it  in 
copious  draughts  of  warm  water,  constantly  until  vom- 
iting takes  place.  If  the  person  becomes  so  insensible 
as  not  to  be  easily  roused  give  the  mustard  in  vinegar 
instead  of  water,  and  rub  and  shake  the  body  actively 
and  incessantly. 

3d.  When  spirits  of  salt,  or  aqua  fortis  have  been 
swallowed  or  spilt  on  the  skin  immediately  drink  or 
wash  the  part  with  large  quantities  of  water,  and  as 
soon  as  they  can  be  procured,  add  soap,  or  potash  or 
chalk  to  the  water. 

Another  practitioner  observes  that  when  mineral 
poisons,  technically  called  oxides,  whether  of  copper 
or  arsenic  are  taken  internally,  one  table  spoonful  of 
powdered  charcoal  is  a  complete  antidote,  mixed  with 
either  honey  butter  or  treacle,  taken  immediately  i—- 
Within  two  hours  administer  either  an  emetic  or  cathar- 
tic :  in  this  way  the  effect  of  the  poison  is  prevented*. 

For  the  poison  of  insects  take  vinegar  and  sweet  oil 
of  each  one  part,  strong  spirit  three  partSj  mixed  j  ap- 
ply it  very  frequently. 


P  O  L— P  0  M— P  O  T  97 


poll  evil,  in  Horses. 

AT  first  this  disorder  requires  no  other  method  of 
cure  than  what  is  common  to  of  her  boils,  and  inflamed 
tumours.  But  sometimes  it  degenerates  to  a  sinuous 
wlcer,  through  ill  management  or  neglect. 

There  is  a  small  sinus  under  the  poll  bone,  where 
the  matter  is  apt  to  lodge,  unless  care  be  taken  to  keep 
the  part  firm  with  a  bandage  :  But  instead  of  that  the 
farriers  generally  use  to  thrust  in  a  long  teat,  which 
raises  the  flesh  and  opens  a  way  into  the  sinus.  And 
thus  an  ulcer  is  created  where  there  needs  be  none  — 
All  therefore  that  is  further  necessary  on  this  head  is, 
to  caution  the  piactitioner  against  such  ill  methods* 
And  if  the  tumour  has  a  very  large  cavity,  it  is  better 
to  lay  it  open,  than  to  thrust  foreign  substances  into  it 
And  if  it  acquires  an  ulcerous  disposition  it  must  be 
treated  as  such.  Gibson's  Farriery. 


POMATUM. 

TAKE  the  marrow  of  any  animals'  bones,  and  hav- 
ing strained  it,  perfume  it  with  sweet  seen  ed  oil,  Rus- 
sian or  Antique,  and  it  is  fit  for  use ;  and  it  is  said  to 
have  the  power  of  quickening  the  growth  of  the  hair, 
perhaps  by  communicating  a  softness  to  the  skin  ;  and 
opening  the  pores  about  the  roots  of  the  hair, 


POTATOES. 

IT  is  said  that  late  potatoes,  or  such  as  are  not  ripe 
make  the  best  seed,  and  that  planting  such  restores  & 
degenerated  variety. 


98  POT 

How  to  obtain  new  varieties  of  Potatoes. 

TAKE  the  apples  of  potatoes,  or  potatoe  balls,  in  the 
beginning  of  October,  before  the  frost  has  hurt  them. 
Hang  them  up  by  the  foot  stalks  in  a  dry  closet,  where 
they  will  not  freeze.  Let  them  hang  till  March  or 
April.  Then  mash  the  apples,  wash  the  seeds  from 
the  pulp,  and  dry  them  in  a  sunny  window.  Sow  the 
seeds  in  a  bed  about  the  first  of  May.  When  the  plants 
are  four  or  five  inches  high,  transplant  them  into 
ground  well  prepared,  one  or  two  plants  in  a  hill. — 
They  will  produce  full  grown  apples  and  some  of  the 
roots  will  be  as  large  as  hens'  eggs  English  farmers 
hold  it  to  be  absolutely  necessary  to  renew  their  po- 
tatoes from  the  top  seed  once  in  fourteen  or  fifteen 
years. 

To  raise  Early  Potatoes. 

TAKE  potatoes  whole,  and  cover  them  with  horse 
litter  of  a  moderate  warmth  ;  let  them  remain  till  they 
put  forth  shoots  of  four  or  five  inches  in  length,  which 
they  will  do  in  two  or  three  weeks  Then  take  them 
carefully  from  the  litter,  and  plant  them  with  the 
shoots  standing  upright,  so  deep  in  the  earth  that  the 
shoots  may  be  just  seen  peeping  out  of  the  ground. — 
They  should  be  thus  set  in  a  dry  soil,  with  more  horse 
dung.  By  such  means,  it  is  said  that  potatoes  may  be 
obtained  at  least  four  weeks  earlier  than  by  the  com- 
mon method. 

A  good  method  of  Planting  Potatoes. 

PLOUGH  a  deep  furrow,  place  a  quantity  of  cut 
straw,  old  hay,  decayed  leaves,  or  the  mould  of  rotten 
leaves,  or  other  vegetable  substances,  and  lay  the 
seed  potatoes  on  it,  and  cover  as  usual.  The  potatoes 
will  be  of  the  best  quality,  which  are  thus  produced. 
Large  potatoes,  which  are  planted  whole,  will  produce 


POT  99 

better  than  if  they  were  cut  before  planting.    Pick  off 
the  blows  and  balls... 

Harvesting  Potatoes. 

POTATOES  may  be  spoiled  by  bad  management  in 
harvesting.  They  should  be  dug in  cool  overcast  wea- 
ther, and  picked  immediately  after  the  hoe  free  from 
sun  and  air,  and  kept  moist  with  much  dirt  about  them. 
If  dug  in  fine  weather,  and  they  remain  exposed  to  the 
sun,  they  will  sweat  in  the  summer,  and  be  soft  waxy, 
and  strong.  By  lying"  to  dry  in  the  sun  they  generate 
poison,  operate  as  physic,  and  sometimes  prove  fataL 

Feeding  stock  with  Potatoes. 

IT  is  best  to  steam,  boil,  or  bake  potatoes  for  feed- 
ing stock.  Sir  John  Sinclair  asserts  that  "there  is 
something  injurious  in  the  juices  of  the  potatoe,  in  a 
raw  state,  whi«h  cooking  eradicates  or  greatly  dispels.'* 

It  is  said  that  an  excellent  fodder  for  horned  cattle 
may  be  collected  from  potatoe  tops.  It  is  practiced  in 
many  places  in  the  southern  states  to  reap  about  two 
thirds  the  length  of  the  potatoe  tops  and  dry  them  on 
mowing  land  in  the  usual  way  of  haymaking.  Several 
tons  may  be  collected  from  an  acre,  and  no  damage 
to  the  potatoes,  if  taken  as  soon  as  they  are  ripe,  and 
before  the  leaf  begins  to  fall. 


POTAtOE  PUDDING. 

No.  1.  ONE  pound  boiled  potatoes,  half  a  pound  of 
sugar,  four  ounces  of  butter,  one  pint  of  flour,  one 
quart  of  milk  and  five  eggs. 

No.  2.     ONE  pound  boiled  potatoes,  mashed,  four 
Ounoes  of  butter,  one  quart  of  milk?  the  juice  of  one 


100  POT— POU— PRU 

lemon,  and  the  peal  grated,  half  a  pound  of  sugar,  half 
a  nutmeg,  seven  egg?,  two  spoonsfull  of  rose  water. 
Bake  one  and  an  half  hour. 


rOTATOE  STARCH. 

WASH  and  pare  potatoes,  grate  them  upon  large  tin 
graters,  and  till  tubs  about  half  full  with  the  pulp  : 
Then  fill  them  up  with  water  :  Stir  it  well  once  a  day 
three  or  four  days,  and  take  off  all  the  scum.  About 
the  fifth  day  take  out  the  pulp,  and  put  it  into  shallow 
earthen  pans,  such  as  are  used  for  milk,  as  much  as  will 
cover  the  bottom  an  inch  thick,  and  put  water  upon  it. 
Every  morning  pour  off  the  water,  break  up  the  starch 
and  add  fresh  water.  When  it  has  thus  become  very 
white,  leave  it  in  the  pans  till  it  is  quite  dry,  then  put 
It  into  paper  bags,  and  put  it  into  a  dry  place  to  keep. 


POULTRY. 

THE  reason  why  hens  do  not  lay  in  winter  is  the 
want  of  lime  to  form  the  shell.  Let  them  have  access 
to  wheat  which  contains  lime,  or  to  lime  itself,  and 
they  will  lay  as  well  in  the  winter  as  any  other  time. 
Pounded  bones  will  answer  the  same  purpose  with 
lime. 

Corn  given  to  fowls  should  be  crushed  or  soaked  in 
water  This  helps  digestion,  and  hens  will  lay  in  the 
winter  that  are  thus  fed  that  would  not  otherwise. 


PRUNING  FRUIT  TREES. 

THE  best  time  for  pruning  fruit  trees  is  when  the 
tree  possesses  the  greatest  quantity  of  sap,  which  is 
about  the  middle  of  J  uae.    If  a  limb  of  any  considera« 


PUD  101 

ble  size  is  cut  several  inches  from  the  body  in  March, 
the  stamp  will  become  dry  and  crack  open  nearly  to 
the  body,  and  before  the  new  growth  can  heal  over  the 
wound,  the  stump  will  rot,  and  this  defection  will  soon 
penetrate  to  the  heart  of  the  tree,  and  Gause  it  to 
perish. 


pudding,  good  and  cheap. 

T\KE  a  quart  of  milk,  four  eggs,  and  two  large 
spoonsfull  of  flour,  with  a  little  salt  and  grated  ginger; 
beat  them  up  into  a  good  smooth  batter,  and  put  it  into 
a  buttered  baking  dish.  When  it  comes  out  of  the 
oven,  pour  over  it  some  melted  butter  and  serve  it  up. 

Baked  Beef  or  Mutton  Potatoe  Pudding. 

THIS  economical  article  is  thus  made  :  Boil  a  suffi- 
cient quantity  of  well  pared  mealy  potatoes,  till  they 
are  so  thoroughly  done  as  to  be  ready  to  crumble  in 
pieces  ;  drain  them  well  in  a  colander  or  sieve  ;  pick 
out  every  speck,  or  hardness,  and  mash  them  as  fine 
as  possible ;  make  them  up  into  a  thickish  batter,  with 
an  e£g  or  two,  and  some  milk,  and  placing  of  steaks  or 
chops,  well  seasoned  with  salt  and  pepper,  at  the  bot- 
tom of  a  baking  dish,  cover  them  with  a  layer  of  the 
batter  ;  and  so  alternately,  till  the  dish  is  filled  ;  taking 
care  to  have  the  batter  at  the  top.  The  dish  should 
first  be  well  buttered,  to  prevent  sticking  or  burning, 
and  in  that  case,  the  bottom  as  well  as  top,  may  con- 
sist of  potatoe  butter.  This  pudding,  when  properly 
baked  will  be  of  a  fine  brown  colour. 

pudding,  Orange. 

(xRATE  the  rind  of  two  Seville  oranges,  and  beat 
it  in  a  marble  mortar,  with  half  a  pound  of  good  fresh 
butter,  the  same  quantity  of  loaf  sugar,  and  the  yolks 
K. 


102  PUM— HAD-RAT 

of  sixteen  eggs,  till  the  whole  rna<s  become  of  a  like 
colour  Then  pour  it  into  a  baking  dish  lined  with 
puff  or  paste. 


PUMPKIN  SEEDS 

AFFORD  an  oil  with  tho  greatest  facility  and  abun- 
dance One  gallon  of  seeds  it  is  said  will  vield  about 
half  a  gallon  of  oil.  They  may  be  pressed  like  rape 
seed  or  flax  seed  The  oil  is  clear,  limpid,  pale, 
scentless,  and  when  used  for  sallad  instead  of  sweet  oil 
has  merely  a  faint  insipid  taste  :  it  burns  we  I!  and  with- 
out smoke. 


RADISHES. 

TO  have  a  constant  succession  of  radishes  for  the 
table,  the  seeds  should  be  sown  once  a  fortnight  from 
April  to  August.  As  they  are  uncertain  in  their 
growth,  the  be3t  method  is  to  put  the  seeds  between 
rows  of  other  plants  ;  and  they  are  so  easily  pulled 
that  they  need  not  incommode  the  plants  among  which 
they  grow. 


RATS. 

TAKE  one  quart  of  oat  meal,  four 'drops  of  oil  rho- 
dium, one  grain  of  musk,  two  nuts  of  nux  vomica  pow- 
dered ;  mix  the  whole  together,  and  place  it  where 
the  rats  frequent ;  continue  to  do  so  while  they  eat  itf 
and  it  will  soon  destroy  them. 

Another  method  of  destroying  Rats, 

TAKE  equal  quantities  of  unslacked  lime,  and  pon- 
dered oat  meal ;  mix  them  by  stirring,  without  adding 


RAT— KEN  103 

any  liquid,  and  place  a  small  quantity  in  any  place  in- 
fested by  rats.  They  will  eagerly  swallow  the  pre- 
paration, become  thirsty,  and  the  water  taken  will 
swell  the  lime  and  destroy  them. 


rattle  snake,  Cure  for  the  bite  of. 

TAKE  of  the  roots  of  plantane  or  hoarhound,  (in 
summer,  roots  and  branches  together)  bruise  them  in 
a  mortar,  and  squeeze  out  the  juice,  of  which  give  as 
soon  as  possible  one  large  spoonful ;  if  the  patient  is 
swelled  vou  must  force  it  down  his  throat,  this  will 
generally  cure;  but  if  he  finds  relief  in  an  hour  you 
may  give  another  spoonful,  which  it  is  said  will  never 
fail.  If  the  roots  are  dried  they  must  be  moistened 
with  a  little  water.  To  the  wound  rmjy  be  applied  a 
leaf  of  good  tobacco,  moistened  with  a  little  rum. 


RENNET  Of   RUNNET. 

WHEN  the  rennet  is  to  be  preserved  for  use  the 
cal£  should  be  killed  soon  after  he  has  sucked ;  for 
then  the  curd  is  entire  and  undigested. 

Dairy  women  usually  preserve  the  maw  and  the 
curd  contained  in  it,  after  salting  them  ;  and  then  by 
steeping  this  bag  and  curd,  make  a  rennet  to  turn 
their  milk  for  making  cheese.  But  a  method  which 
seems  to  be  more  simple  and  equally  good  in  every  re- 
spect, is,  to  throw  away  the  curd,  and  after  steeping  it 
in  very  strong  pickle,  stretch  out  the  maw  upon  a 
slender  bow  inserted  into  it,  which  will  soon  be  very 
dry,  and  keep  well  for  a  long  time.  Take  an  inch  or 
two  of  the  maw,  thus  dried,  and  steep  it  over  night  in 
a  few  spoonfulls  of  warm  water;  which  water  serves 
full  as  well  as  if  the  curd  had  been  preserved,  for 


J04  REN 

turning  the  milk.     It  is  said  that  one  inch  will  serve 
for  the  milk  of  five  cows. 

In  the  Bath  papers,  Mr.  Hazard  gives  the  following 
receipt  for  making  rennet :  "when  the  raw  skin  is  well 
prepared  and  fit  for  the  purpose,  three  pints  of  soft 
water,  clean  and  sweet,  should  be  mixed  with  salt, 
wherein  should  be  put  sweet  brier,  rose  leaves  and 
flowers,  cinnamon,  mace,  cloves,  and  almost  every 
sort  of  spice  ;  and  if  these  are  put  into  two  quarts  of 
water,  they  must  boil  gently,  till  the  liquor  is  reduced 
to  three  pints,  and  care  should  be  taken  that  this  li- 
quor is  not  smoked.  It  should  be  strained  clear  from 
the  spices,  &c.  and  when  found  to  be  not  warmer  than 
milk  from  the  cow,  it  should  be  poured  upon  the  caul 
or  maw ;  a  lemon  may  be  sliced  into  it,  when  it  may 
remain  a  day  or  two  ;  after  which  it  should  be 
strained  again,  and  put  into  a  bottle,  where  if  well 
corked  it  will  keep  good  for  twelve  months.  It 
will  smell  like  a  perfume  ;  and  a  small  quantity  of  it 
will  turn  the  milk,  and  give  the  cheese  a  pleasing  fla- 
vour. He  adds,  "If  the  maw  be  salted  and  dried  for  a 
week  or  two  near  the  fire,  it  will  do  for  the  purpose 
again  almost  as  well  as  before."  Another  receipt  is  as 
follows;  after  the  maw  has  been  well  cleaned  and 
salted,  and  dried  upon  sticks  or  splints,  take  boiled 
water  two  quarts,  made  into  a  brine  that  will  bear  an 
zgg.  Let  it  be  blood  warm,  put  in  the  maw  either 
cut  or  whole  ;  let  it  steep  twenty  four  hours^  and  it 
will  be  fit  for  use.  About  a  tea  cup  full  will  turn  the 
milk  often  cows.  It  should  be  kept  in  glass  bottles, 
well  corked. 

Whatever  kind  of  rennet  the  dairy  woman  chooses 
to  prepare  she  should  keep  it  in  mind,  that  this  animal 
acid  is  extremely  apt  to  turn  rancid  and  putrify,  and 
take  care  to  apply  a  sufficient  quantity  of  salt  to 
preserve  it  in  its  best  state.  It  should  be  as  much  salted 


RHE  l05 

as  possible,  and  the  strongest  kind  of  salt  should  be 
used. 


RHEUMATISM. 

LIGHT  infusions  of  ginger  alone  taken  twice  or 
thrice  a  day,  have  been  found  very  efficacious  by  the 
French  surgeons  in  Rheumatic  affections.  The  pains 
are  rendered  at  first  excruciating  ;  follows  copious  per 
speration,  and  in  two  or  three  days  the  symptoms 
gradually  disappear  and  the  patient  is  cured,  or  at  least 
released  for  a  period. 

,    Another  remedy  for  Rheumatism* 

TAKE  half  a  pint  of  spirits  of  turpentine,  half  a  pint 
of  linseed  oil,  half  a  pint  of  strong  vinegar,  half  a  pint 
of  fine  salt,  mix  these  ingredients  well  together,  and 
rub  the  part  affected  with  a  piece  of  red  flannel, 
warmed  and  steeped  in  them,  as  hard  and  as  long  aS 
the  patient  can  bear  it,  or  till  you  find  considerable  ir- 
ritation produced  on  the  surface  of  the  skin.  Thia 
operation  may  be  repeated  three  days  successively, 
provided  a  cure  is  not  sooner  effected. 

Another. 

ONE  ounce  of  camphorated  soap ;  one  drachm  of 
tincture  of  cantharides  on-  drachm  of  liquid  ammonia 
caustic ;  three  drachms  of  Oif  of  Thyme.  Put  a  little  in 
the  palm  of  your  hand,  aud  rub  the  part  affected  well 
three  or  four  times  a  day. 

Another. 

4TAKE  one  ounce  of  gum  camphor ;  one  quart  of 
spirits  i  add  as  much  of  the  bark  of  the  root  of  sassa- 
*2 


i06  RIC—RIN 

fras,  as  the  spirits  will  cover;  steep  ten  or  twelve 
hours  ;  take  half  a  wine  glass  full  at  bed  time,  early  in 
the  morning-,  and  at  eleven  o'clock.  At  the  same  time 
rub  the  part  affected,  with  this  compound  ;  the  dose 
may  be  increased  if  necessary  ;  the  effect  is  a  violent 
perspiration.     Exposure  to  take  cold  must  be  avoided. 


RICE  JELLY. 

THIS  is  one  of  the  best  and  most  nourishing  prepa- 
rations of  rice,  particularly  for  valetudinarians  or  con- 
valescents. It  is  thus  made  :  Boil  a  quarter  of  a  pound 
of  rice  flour,  with  hatfa  pound  of  loaf  sugar,  in  a  quart 
of  water,  till  the  whole  becomes  one  uniform  gelatin- 
ous mass  ;  then  strain  off  the  jelly  and  let  it  stand  to 
cool.  A  little  of  this  salubrious  food  eaten  at  a  timet 
will  be  found  very  beneficial  to  those  of  a  weakly  and 
infirm  constitution, 


ring  worm— Cure  for. 

FINE  starch  reduced  to  powder,  and  kept  constant- 
ly applied  on  and  around  the  parts  affected  with  the 
ring  worm,  will  soon  cure  that  teasing  and  infectious 
cuticular  distemper.  On  the  head  ring  worms  some- 
times come  to  running  sores,  which  must  once  or  twice 
a  day  be  washed  with  soap  and  water,  and  dressed 
with  basilicon  ointment  keeping  the  rest  of  the  head 
dry,  and  constantly  covered  with  powdered  starch. 
The  body  must  be  kept  gently  open  with  sulphur  and 
cream  of  tartar. 

Another  remedy. 

COVER  the  part  with  common  writing  ink. 


ROC— ROL  107 


rocks,  blasting  of. 

LIEUT.  Wainhager,  a  German,  has  discovered  that 
saw  dust,  particularly  of  soft  wood,  mixed  with  gun 
powder,  in  equal  parts,  has  thrice  the  strength  of 
powder  alone,  when  used  in  blowing  rocks. 


ROLLERS. 

THE  roller  is  the  most  useful  implement  for  break- 
ing  hard  clods  expeditiously,  and  smoothing  the  sur- 
face of  land  when  in  tillage,  ever  yet  invented.  It  is 
likewise  of  use  to  grass  lands  laid  down  for  hay;  and 
heavy  rollers  would  prevent  those  ant  hills,  by  which 
so  many  pastures  are  deformed.  Rollers  are  made  of 
various  substances  ;  as  wood,  freestone,  granite  or  cast 
iron ;  but  on  the  whole  the  two  latter  are  to  be  pre- 
ferred. It  is  of  importance,  that  the  weight  of  the  rol- 
ler should  be  in  proportion  to  the  surface  on  which  it 
is  to  be  employed.  The  best  plan  ,  is  that  of  having 
two  rollers,  each  about  two  feet  and  an  half  in  length, 
and  both  placed  in  one  frame,  so  as  to  roll  clear  of 
one  another.  This  is  the  most  suitable  both  for  corn 
crops  and  sown  grass,  as  it  neither  tears  up  the  tender 
soil,  nor  injures  the  young  planti.  Besides  the  labour 
in  turning  is  much  less  severe  on  the  frame  and  on  the 
cattle.  Every  farm  ought  to  be  provided  with  rollers 
of  different  diameters  and  weights,  so  as  to  suit  the  sev- 
eral purposes  to  which  they  are  destined  ;  those  of  a 
small  diameter  are  generally  applied  to  land  in  tillage  ; 
and  those  of  a  large  diameter,  with  double  shafts,  to 
grass  land.  Heavy  rollers  are  of  great  use,  for  des- 
troying worms,  slugs  and  other  vermin  in  the  soil, 

An  intelligent  farmer  maintains,  that  if  draining  19 
the  first,  manuring  the  second,  and  cultivation  the 
third,  rolling  ought  to  be  considered  as  the  fourth 


108  ROL 

principal  operation  in  the  processes  of  agriculture.— 
Its  importance  indeed,  is  every  day  becoming  more 
apparent,  and  new  advantages  are  derived  from  its  use 
both  on  arable  and  on  grass  lands. 

Wheat  should  always  be  rolled  in  the  Spring,  after 
frosts,  as  it  makes  the  soil  adhere  more  closely  to  the 
roots  of  the  plants,  encourages  vegetation  and  strength- 
ens the  stems,  and  renders  the  grain  more  perfect. — 
When  any  crop  of  grain  is  sown  with  artificial  grasses, 
rolling  is  particularly  necessary,  to  make  an  even  sur- 
face, bruising  all  clods,  and  pressing  down  any  stones 
it  may  not  be  thought  necessary  to  carry  off,  to  facili- 
tate the  future  operation  of  the  scythe.  Oat*  in  at 
light  soil,  may  be  rolled  to  advantage,  immediately  af- 
ter the  seed  is  sown,  unless  the  ground  be  so  wet  as  to 
cling  to  the  roller.  After  turnips  are  sown  in  drills, 
they  ought  to  be  immediately  rolled,  to  make  the  soil 
compact,  and  to  promote  their  speedy  germination.— 
Not  only  for  turnips,  but  for  all  other  crops,  rolling, 
particularly  during  the  night,  is  found  to  be  an  effi- 
cient means  of  destroying  slugs,  snails,  the  wire  worm, 
and  other  vermin,  so  destructive  to  young  plants  Flax 
ought  to  be  rolled  immediately  after  sowing;  it  makes 
the  seed  vegetate  equally,  and  prevents  aftergrowth; 
the  bad  effects  of  which  are  visible  in  every  step  of  the 
process  for  dressing  flax. 

The  other  advantages  of  rolling  arable  land  are,  that 
it  renders  a  loose  soil  more  compact  and  solid,  this 
encourages  the  growth  of  plants,  by  pressing  the  soil 
to  their  roots.  It  likewise  keeps  in  the  moisture  and 
prevents  drought  from  penetrating.  When  the  soil  is 
worked  up  lightly,  moisture  either  filters  through  it 
too  quickly,  or  is  easily  evaporated.  In  a  dry  season 
this  may  occasion  a  very  material  difference  in  the 
crop  more  esppcially  in  a  light  soil.  Rolling  is  exe- 
cuted to  most  advantage  across  the  direction  of  the 
ridges,  because  more  adapted  to  ensure  full  benefit  to 


R  0  0— ROT  109 

the  furrows  which  otherwise  may  not  be  properly  gone 
over. 

When  a  large  field  is  to  be  rolled,  a  number  of 
rollers  ought  at  once  to  be  set  at  work,  otherwise  as 
opportunity  may  be  lost  never  to  be  regained. 

Code  of  Agriculture. 


roofs  or  HOUSES, 

A  material  for  roofing,  cheap  and  durable  is  formed 
by  dipping  sheets  of  paper,  (such  as  button  makers  use) 
in  boiling  tar,  and  nailing  them  on  boards  or  laths  ex- 
actly in  the  same  manner  as  slates.  Afterwards  the 
whole  is  to  be  painted  with  a  mixture  of  pitch  and  pow- 
dered coal,  chalk  or  brick  dust.  This  forms  a  texture 
which  completely  resists  every  description  of  weather 
for  an  unknown  length  of  time. 


ROTATION    OF   CROPS. 

MR.  DEANE  recommends  the  following  course  of 
crops.  On  light  warm  soils  the  first  year,  Indian  corn 
well  manured,  pease  or  potatoes.  The  second  year, 
rye,  barley  or  buck  wheat.  The  third  and  fourth  years 
clover.  The  fifth  year  wheat.  The  sixth  and  sev- 
enth clover.  On  cold  and  stiff  soils,  first  year  oats  or 
potatoes.  Second  year  potatoes  well  manured.  Third 
year  flax  or  wheat  Fourth  year  grass,  and  so  on  till 
it  needs  to  be  broken  up  again. 

The  following  has  been  recommended  by  an  able 
writer  in  the  Albany  Argus. 

Medium  course  in  sandy  soils;  1st  year,  potatoes 
dunged;  2d,  rye,  with  turnips  after  harvest  consumed 
on  the  field  ;  3d,  oats  and  clover,  or  barley  and  clover ; 


no  Row 

4tfi,  cTover ;  5th,  wheat,  with  turnips  after  harvest 
consumed  on  the  field;  and  6th,  peas  or  lupins.  We 
have,  by  this  course  eight  crops  in  six  years,  and  five  of 
these  ameliorating  crops. 

Medium  course  in  sandy  soils  ;  1st  year  potatoes 
dunged  ;  2d  year  wheat  with  turnips  as  in  the  preced- 
ing course  ;  3d  year  Indian  corn  and  pumpkins  ;  4th 
year  barley  and  clover;  5th  year,  wheat  and  turnips 
as  before.  In  this  course  we  have  nine  crops  in  six 
years,  five  of  which  are  ameliorating  crops,  and 

Medium  course  in  clay  soils  ;  1st  year  oats  with  clo- 
ver ;  2d,  clover  ;  3d  wheat ;  4th,  beans,  dunged  ;  5tb, 
wheat. 


ROWELL    IN    HORSES 

IS  a  kind  of  issue,  or  artificial  wound,  made  in  the 
skin  of  a  horse,  by  drawing  a  skein  of  silk  thread  or 
hair,  through  the  nape  of  the  neck,  or  some  other 
part,  answering  to  what  surgeons  call  a  seton. 

Horses  are  rowelled  for  inward  strains,  especially 
about  the  shoulders  or  hips,  or  for  hard  swellings  that 
are  not  easily  dissolved.  The  roweil  may  be  made  in 
almost  any  part,  and  should  always  be  not  far  from  the 
diseased  part,  and  about  a  hand  breadth  beneath  it. — 
The  two  ends  of  the  rowel  should  be  tied  together, 
that  it  may  not  come  out,  and  be  smeared  with  lard  or 
fresh  butter  before  it  is  put  in,  and  drawn  backward 
and  forwards  that  the  putrid  matter  may  discharge  it- 
self. 

What  are  called  rowels  by  English  farriers  are  made 
as  follows  :  An  incision  is  made  through  the  skin,  about 
three  eighths  of  an  inch  long.  Then  the  skin  is  sepa- 
rated from  the  flesh  with  the  finger,  or  with  the  end 


RUS  111 

of  a  blunt  horn,  as  far  as  the  finger  will  easily  reach. 
I-to  this  a  piece  of  leather  ma*!e  very  thin  and  round 
shaped  is  introduced,  about  the  size  of  a  crown  piece, 
having  a  large  hole  in  the  middle  of  it  Previous  to 
introducing  the  leather,  it  is  covered  with  lint  or  tow, 
and  dipped  in  the  same  digestive  ointment.  Also  a 
pledgit  of  tow,  dipped  in*the  same  ointment,  is  put  in 
the  same  orifice,  to  keep  out  the  cold  air. 

Clark's  Farriery. 


RUST,    Or  B1ILDEW   in    WHEAT. 

THIS  disease  is  occasioned  by  a  minute  parasitic 
fungus  or  mushroom  on  the  leaves,  stems,  and  glumes 
or  chaff  of  the  living  plant.  The  roots  of  the  fungus, 
intercepting  the  sap,  intended  by  nature  for  the  nutri- 
ment of  the  grain,  render  it  lean  and  shrivelled,  and  in 
some  cases  rob  it  completely  of  its  flour ;  and  the  straw 
becomes  black  and  rotten,  unfit  for  fodder. 

The  same  fungus  is  generated  on  many  other  vege- 
table sifbstances  besides  wheat  Those  receiving  the 
infection  at  different  seasons  of  the  year,  form,  as  it 
were,  conductors  from  one  to  the  other,  in  which 
fungi  germinate,  effloresce,  disseminate  and  die,  dur- 
ing the  revolutions  of  the  seasons.  The  fungus  having 
arrived  at  maturity  in  the  spring  on  a  few  shrubs  bush- 
es or  plants,  ixs  seeds  are  taken  up  the  next  humid  at- 
mosphere, (hence  the  erroneous  idea  that  the  rust  or 
mildew  is  caused  by  the  fog  alone)  wafted  into  the  ad- 
joining fields,  and  the  nearest  wheat  is  sure  to  suffer 
the  most  from  it.  In  damp  weather  also,  its  seed  is 
more  immediately  received  into  the  leaves  of  trees  and 
shrubs,  or.  into  their  barks  and  fruits,  or  the  stems  of 
plants,  through  the  medium  of  those  valves  or  mouths, 
with  which  nature  has  supplied  them,  for  the  admissioa 
of  moisture. 


112  RUS 

Among  the  causes  of  rust,  besides  those  above  men- 
tioned may  be  reckoned,  1.  Having  the  land  in  too 
rich  a  state  for  wheat  crops.  2.  Where  too  frequent  a 
repetition  of  wheat  crops  takes  place. 

Remedies  against  Rust. 

1.  Cultivating  hardy  sorts  of  wheat;  2.  Early  sow- 
in?:;  s-  Raising  early  varieties;  4.  Thick  sowing; 
5  Changes  of  seed ;  6.  Consolidating  the  soil  after 
sowing;  7.  Using  saline  manures;  8  Improving  the 
course  of  crops  ;  9.  Extirpating  all  plants  that  are  re- 
ceptacles of  rust;  and  10.  Protecting  the  ears  and 
roots  of  wheat  by  rye,  tares  and  other  crops.  The 
above  remedies  are  enlarged  upon  by  Sir  John  Sin- 
clair, in  ''The  Code  of  Agriculture^'  but  his  observa- 
tions are  too  voluminous  to  quote  in  this  place.  His 
10th  remedy,  however,  is  as  follows  : 

"\  CURIOUS  and  most  important  circumstance, 
connected  with  the  rust  in  wheat  remains  to  be  stated. 
In  the  northern  counties  of  England,  where  it  is  the 
practice  to  sow  what  they  call  meslin,  (blend  corn)  or 
a  mixture  of  rye  and  wheat,  it  has  been  there  remark- 
ed, that  wheat,  thus  raised  is  rarely  infected  by  the  rust. 
It  is  singular  that  the  same  circumstance  has  been  ob- 
served in  Italy.  *n  an  account  drawn  up  by  Professor 
Symonds,  on  the  climate  of  that  country,  it  is  recorded 
as  a  known  but  extraordinary  fact,  "that  wheat,  mixed 
with  rye  or  tares,  escapes  unhurt."  It  would  appear 
from  tares  being  so  useful  that  the  seed  of  the  fungus 
must  be  taken  up  by  the  root,  and  that  if  the  root  be 
protected  it  is  sufficient.  This  seems  to  be  counte- 
nanced by  other  circumstances,  as  that  by  treading  the 
ground,  and  thick  sowing  of  crops  of  wheat,  the  crop 
is  less  liable  to  be  affected  by  this  disease  ;  the  access 
of  the  seeds  of  the  fungi  to  the  root  being  rendered 
more  difficult.  Mr.  Knight  is  decidedly  of  opinion  that 
the  disease  is  taken  up  by  the  root,  and  indeed  if  it 


RYE  113 

were  introduced  at  the  ear  of  the  plant,  how  could 
it  descend,  and  infect  solely  the  stem,  which  is  the  case, 
unless  when  th*e  disease  is  inveterate. 

If  a  field  be  evidently  affected,  and  the  progress  of 
vegetation  stopped,  the  only  way  to  preserve  the  straw 
and  tije  grain,  if  any  has  been  formed  from  being  en- 
tirely lost,  is  to  cut  it  down  immediately,  even  though 
the  crop  should  not  be  ripe.  The  straw  is  thus  pre- 
served either  for  food  or  litter;  and  it  is  maintained, 
that  any  nourishment  in  the  stem,  will  pass  into  and 
feed  the  grain,  and  makes  a  greater  return  than  could 
well  be  expected. 

It  has  been  recommended  to  sprinkle  wheat  while 
growing,  which  appears  to  be  in  any  degree  affected 
with  this  disease  with  a  solution  of  salt  and  water, 
which  may  be  applied  by  means  of  a  mop.  The 
sprinkling  should  be  several  times  repeated,  so  that 
every  part  oflhe  plants  may  be  wetted,  and  it  is  said 
that  wherever  the  brme  touches  the  rust  disappears. 


RYE. 

IT  is  said  to  be  a  good  practice  on  a  rich  and  heavy 
soil  to  sow  winter  rye  at  the  last  hoeing  of  Indian  corn 
and  hoe  it  in.     The  plants  of  rye  in  such  case  being 

mostly  on  the  corn   hills,  escape   injury  from    frost. 

The  stubble  of  rye  should  be  ploughed  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible after  reaping  so  that  by  being  buried  early  it 
may  answer  the  better  purpose  for  manure. 

Spring  Rye, 

SOW  a  peck  of  oats  with  a  bushel  of  spring  Rye,  to 
prevent  blasting.  It  is  easily  separated  by  a  winnow- 
ing mill 

L 


114  SAL 

Rye  Coffee. 

WASH  Rye  in  several  waters  to  free  it  from  dust, 
blighted  grain,  &c.  boil  it  in  water  until  some  of  the 
grain  cracks  open,  then  drain  it,  and  dry  it  in  an  oven, 
then  burn  it  as  other  coffee.  Barley  is  said  by  some 
to  be  superior  to  rye  for  making  coffee,  and  is  prepared 
in  the  same  manner. 

SALT. 

SALT  is  highly  recommended  as  a  manure  by  most 
writers  on  husbandry.  It  may  be  applied  either  by  it- 
self, or  mixed  and  dissolved  in  compost.  But  if  it  be 
applied  directly  to  young  and  tender  plants  unmixed 
and  undissolved  it  often  destro3rs  them.  It  is  said  to  be 
highly  beneficial  to  flax  when  spread  over  the  ground 
at  the  time  of  sowing  the  seed,  at  the  rate  of  about  two 
bushels  of  salt  to  one  of  the  seed.*  A  little  salt  plant- 
ed in  the  hill  with  Indian  corn  we  are  told  will  pre- 
serve it  from  worms. 

When  the  English  farmer  intends  to  turn  his  land  io 
tillage  in  autumn  he  sows  a  double  quantity  of  salt,  in 
order  to  destroy  grass,  rushes,  weeds,  fern,  worms, 
snails,  &c.  The  whole  is,  by  that  means  converted 
into  a  rich  manure,  which  supports  three  successive 
crops,  and  leaves  the  soil,  after  all  in  good  condition. 
It  is  said  to  be  an  excellent  practice  to  keep  salt  under 
cover,  in  such  a  situation  that  cattle  or  sheep  may 
have  recourse  to  it  at  pleasure.  Those  cattle 
however,  which  have  not  been  accustomed  to  so  free 
an  use  of  salt  should  be  brought  to  it  by  degrees. 

*  Pome  writers  say  that  the  quantity  should  be  the  same  as 
th&t  of  the  seed. 


SAL— SAN  115 


SALT   RHEUM. 

TAKE  one  ounce  of  salts  of  tartar,  dissolve  intwen- 
tv-six  spoonsfull  of  fair  water;  then  take  one  spoonful 
of  pure  lime  juice,  and  add  a  lump  of  loaf  sugar,  as  large 
as  a  walnut.  Let  it  dissolve,  then  add  a  spoonful  of 
tartar  liquid,  dissolved  as  above,  and  give  it  the  pa- 
tient,  before  eating,  twice  in  twenty-four  hours. 

Another  Remedy. 

TAKE  tar,  and  flowers  of  sulphur,  each  one  part, 
sweet  cream,  or  fresh  butter,  two  parts  ;  simmer  to  an 
ointment,  and  apply  it  to  the  part  daily,  and  keep  the 
air  from  it  by  dressing  it  with  a  linen  cloth,  besmear- 
ed with  the  same.     This  will  likewise  cure  the  itch. 


SAND. 

NO  manure  is  so  good  as  sand  to  loosen  and  soften  a 
clayey  soil.  A  clay  soil  has  more  of  the  food  of  plants 
in  it  than  any  other  soil,  and  wants  only  to  have  its  co- 
hesion sufficiently  broken  to  give  a  free  passage  to  the 
roots  of  vegetables.  A  layer  of  two  and  an  half  inches 
thick  will  not  be  too  much  for  land  in  tillage  if  it  be  a 
stiff  clay.  The  benefit  of  sanding  does  not  appear  so 
much  the  first  year,  as  in  a  year  or  two  afterwards. 
For  the  oftener  the  land  is  tilled  the  more  thoroughly 
is  the  sand  mixed  with  the  clay.  But  sand,  laid  on  clay 
land,  in  grass  will  produce  a  great  effect. 

It  is  a  rule,  says  Sir  John  Sinclair,  in  regard  to  san- 
dy soils,  never  to  pick  off  any  small  stones  that  maybe 
found  in  them,  as  they  contribute  to  prevent  evapora- 
tion, and  to  preserve  moisture.  It  is  another  rule  fre- 
quently to  renovate  the  strength  of  such  soils,  by  lay- 
ing them  down  with  grass  seeds,  and   pasturing  them 


116  SAU—  SCA 

for  a  few  years,  as  they  are  apt  to  be  exhausted  by 
aration,  if  corn  crops  are  too  frequently  repeated. 


sausages,  bologna — how  made. 

TAKE  four  pounds  of  lean  buttock  beef,  cut  it  into 
fine  pieces,  and  put  into  it  one  pound  of  dried  suet,  with 
an  equal  quantity  of  dried  bacon.  Season  it  with  al- 
spice,  pepper,  bay-salt,  and  saltpetre,  adding  thereto 
a  little  of  the  powder  of  bay-leaves.  Then,  mixing 
the  whole  well  together,  tie  it  up  in  skins  about  the 
thickness  of  the  wrist,  and  dry  them  in  the  same  man- 


scab  in  sheep — Ointment  for. 

RUB  together  in  a  mortar  a  pound  of  quicksilver 
and  half  a  pound  of  Venice  turpentine,  till  the  globules 
of  the  quicksilver  disappear,  then  add  half  a  pint  of 
oil  of  turpentine  and  lour  pounds  of  hog's  lard,  and 
mix  the  whole  into  an  ointment.  The  method  of  using 
it  is  to  begin  at  the  head  of  the  sheep,  and  proceeding 
from  between  the  ears  along  the  back  to  the  end  of  the 
tail,  divide  the  wool  in  a  furrow  till  the  skin  can  be 
touched;  in  the  mean  time,  while  the  furrow  is  mak- 
ing, a  finger  slightly  dipped  in  the  ointment  is  to  be 
drawn  along  the  bottom,  where  it  will  leave  a  blue 
stain  on  the  skin  and  the  adjoining  wool.  From  this 
furrow,  similar  ones  must  be  drawn  down  the  shoul- 
ders and  thighs  to  the  legs  as  far  as  they  are  woolly  ; 
and  if  the  animal  be  much  infected,  two  more  should 
be  drawn  along  each  side  parallel  to  that  on  the  back, 
and  one  down  each  side  between  the  fore  and  hind  legs. 
Immediately  after  being  annointed  it  is  customary  to 
turn  the  sheep  among  the  other  stock  without  fear  of 
the  infection  being  communicated,  and  we  are  assured 
by  Sir  Joseph  Banks.,  that  there  is  scarcely  an  instance 


S  C  I— S  C  R  HI 

of  a  sheep's  suffering  any  injury  from  the  application. 
In  a  few  days  the  blotches  dry  up,  the  itching  ceases, 
and  the  animal  is  completely  cured.  We  should,  how- 
ever, recommend,  on  using  this  ointment,  that  the  an- 
imal should  be  housed  for  a  few  days  from  the  wea- 
ther should  it  prove  stormy  or  damp,  and  not  permit- 
ted to  get  wet,  a  caution  requisite  in  all  cases  where 
mercury  is  used. 


sciatica — Remedy  for. 

THE  following  remedy  has  been  tried  with  suc- 
cess in  England  and  much  recommended  in  France. — 
Oil  of  turpentine,  two  gross  ;  honey,  4  ounces.  Di- 
vide it  into  three  doses,  and  take  one  in  the  morning, 
one  af^oon,  and  one  at  night. 

Doubtless  this  would  be  much  aided  by  a  strong  ca- 
thartic, abstinence,  and  friction  externally  with  oil  of 
turpentine. 

The  gross  is  two  penny  weights,  six  grains  troy. 


scratches. 

SCRATCHES  is  a  disease  in  horses,  sometimes  cal- 
led iyialanders.  It  is  caused  by  corrupt  blood,  over 
hard  labour,  &c.  and  appears  in  chops  or  cracks  on  the 
tn?ide  of  the  fore  legs  against  the  knee,  discharging  a 
red  sharp  humour. 

To  cure  this  disease  wash  the  cracks  with  warm 
soap  sud*  or  old  urine  ;  then  rub  them  twice  a  day  with 
an  ointment  of  hog's  lard,  mixed  with  two  drachms  of 
sublimate  mercury  Or  apply  a  poultice  of  the  roots 
of  marsh  mallows  and  flax  seed,  softened  with  linseed 
^il,  tying  it  on  with  a  roller.     Continue  that  till  the 

i,  2 


118  SOU—SEA— SEE 

seeds  fall  off  and  the  sores  become  clean.  Afterwards 
a  mixture  of  turpentine  and  quicksilver  will  be  a  good 
application. 

Another  Remedy. 

MAKE  a  strong  solution  of  copperas  in  water,  so  that 
the  water  is  completely  saturated  with  it.  Apply  this 
to  the  part  affected,  rubbing  it  gently  with  a  cob 
each  time.  A  few  applications  of  this  kind  will,  gen- 
erally, cure  the  complaint  entirely.  [See  likewise 
page  66  ] 


scull  cap.     See  Hydrophobia. 


sealing  wax,  red — how  made. 

TO  every  ounce  of  shell  lac,  take  an  ounce  each  of 
rosin  and  vermillion,  all  reduced  to  a  fine  powder; 
melt  them  over  a  moderate  fire,  and  when  thoroughly 
incorporated  and  sufficiently  cool,  form  the  composition 
into  rolls  or  sticks  of  any  length  or  thickness  and  either 
round  or  fiat  at  your  pleasure.  On  account  of  the 
dearness  of  shell  lac,  seed  lac  is  usually  substituted, 
even  in  what  is  denominated  the  best  Dutch  sealing 
wax.  Boiled  Venice  turpentine  may  be  us«d  with 
good  effect,  instead  of  rosin. 


seeds—  how  preserved. 

IF  seeds  are  intended  to  be  sent  a  great  distance,  or 
it  is  wished  to  preserve  them  a  long  time,  they  should 
be  wrapped  in  absorbent  paper,  and  surrounded  by 
moist  brown  sugar. 


SHE  119 

Seeds  of  Indian  Corn,  how  selected. 

GATHER  your  seed  corn  from  such  stalks  only  as 
produce  two  ears,  and  the  crop  will  be  more  abun- 
dant. 

SHEEP,   SCAff  IV. 

EVERY  part  of  a  sheep's  body  is  liable  to  be  attack- 
ed with  this  disease,  which  may  be  radically  cured  if 
attended  to.  It  is  more  obstinate  on  the  lips  and  nose, 
than  any  where  else,  because  the  animal  rubs  those 
parts  while  eating".  The  cheapest  and  simplest  rem- 
edy, is  an  ointment  composed  of  three  parts  of  grease 
to  one  of  turpentine.     [See  page  116.] 

sheep,  Fish,  food  for. 

IT  is  a  fact,  though  not  generally  known,  that  sheep 
will  greedily  eat  any  kind  of  salted  fish,  whether  dry 
or  pickled,  although  dry  seem  the  most  suitable  for 
them ;  and  it  is  found  by  experience  that  sheep  that 
have  as  much  fish  as  they  can  eat  are  always  healthy, 
have  good  lambs,  and  do  not  loose  their  wool ;  and  re- 
quire much  less  hay  or  other  food.  It  is  not  expected 
that  farmers  remote  from  the  sea-shore  can  afford  their 
sheep  as  much  fish  as  thpy  would  eat;  but,  if  they  give 
them  fish  instead  of  giving  them  salt,  they  will  find  & 
great  advantage.  Smoked  Alewives  and  Herrings  are 
most  convenient  for  them  ;  larger  fish  should  be  cut  or 
broken  in  small  pieces.  The  cheaper  kinds  offish,  such 
as  scale  of  all  kinds,  broken,  refuse,  and  even  those 
that  are  partly  damaged,  if  they  are  only  salt,  will  an- 
swer the  purpose. 

IT  is  generally  the  case  with  herring  catchers  that 
they  are  obliged  to  cull  out  and  throw  away  great  nun> 


120  SHE 

bers,  sometimes  half  (hey  take,  because  they  are  to 
bear  inspection  ;  sucb  might  be  salted  and  smoked  or 
dried  in  the  sun,  put  up  in  dry  casks,  afforded  at  a  low 
price — by  which  means,  thousands  of  barrels  might  be 
saved  which  are  now  suffered  to  rot  on  the  shores. 


SHEEP   TICKS. 

HEAT  one  gallon  of  tar,  and  eight  pounds  of  salted 
butter,  melted  in  anoth  r  vessel,  and  mixed  gradually 
with  the  tar;  boil  it  gradually  a  while,  constantly 
stirring  it ;  then  pour  it  out  to  cool — part  the  wool,  and 
rub  in  the  ointment,  so  as  to  affect  the  whole  skin. 
This  should  be  done  in  October.  Give  sheep  plenty 
of  salt. 

Another  remedy.  , 

SHEEP  may  be  dipped  or  washed  in  half  hogshead 
tubs,  or  other  suitable  vessels,  filled  with  a  decoction 
of  White  Hellebore,  Poke  Weed  or  Skunk  Cabbage, 
(the  plant  has  all  these  and  several  other  names.  The 
sheep,  or  lamb,  may  be  seized  by  the  legs,  and  plunged 
into  the  decoction,  with  the  back  downward,  taking 
care  that  none  of  the  decoction  enter  the  mouth,  nose 
or  ears.  On  taking  the  sheep  from  the  tub,  squeeze 
the  fleece,  gently,  and  suffer  it  to  drip  into  the  vessel. 


sheep,  smearing  of. 

IMMEDIATELY  after  the  sheep  are  shorn,  soak 
the  roots  of  the  wool  that  remains  all  over  with  oil  or 
butter,  and  brimstone,  and  three  or  four  days  after- 
wards wash  them  with  salt  and  water.  The  wool  of 
the  next  season  will  not  only  be  much  finer  and  softer, 
but  the  quantity  will  be  in  greater  abundance. 


S  H  O— S  H  r  m 


SHOE   BLACKING. 


TO  one  egg,  beaten  up,  add  a  table  spoonful  of  ivo- 
ry black,  or  lamp  black.  See  likewise  the  article 
"leather,"  in  the  preceding  pages. 


SHRUB,    WITH    BRANDY    OR    RUM, 

PUT  a  quart  of  the  finest  French  brandy  into  a  large 
bottle,  with  the  juice  of  two  large  lemons,  the  outer 
rind  of  one,  and  about  a  quarter  of  a  nutmeg;  let  it 
stand  three  days  closely  corked,  and  then  add  a  pint  and 
a  half  of  old  mountain  wine,  and  three  quarters  of  a 
pound  of  loaf  sugar;  mix  them  well,  and  strain  the  li- 
quor twice  through  a  flannel  bag ;  then  bottle  it  for 
use.  Incomparable  rum  shrub  may  be  made  nearly  in 
the  same  manner,  by  pro«uring  the  best  old  Jamaica 
rum,  and  substituting  it  for  the  brandy.  Both  might 
perhaps  be  improved  by  h'aving  only  half  the  lemon 
peel,  and  the  like  quantity  of  Seville  orange-rind. 


shrub,  Currant. 

IN"  a  quart  of  rum  or  brandy,  put  three  quarters  of 
a  pint  of  the  strained  juice  of  red  or  white  currants, 
and  the  rind  of  half  a  Seville  orange,  with  a  little 
nutmeg.  When  it  has  stood  a  day  or  two  closely  cork- 
ed, add  a  pint  of  white  wine,  with  three  quarters  of  a 
pound  of  loaf  sugar,  and  straining  it,  as  soon  as  the  su- 
gar h  dissolved,  through  a  flannel  bag,  bottle  it  for  use. 
Ked  currants  will  be  best  for  the  brandy,  and  white 
ones  for  the  rum.  Good  raisin  wine  may  be  used  in- 
Btead  of  mountain  or  sherry. 


J22  S  I  C— S  I  R 


SICK-HEADACHE,    Pills  for. 


TAKE  Castile  soap  one  drachm  and  a  half;  rhubarb, 
in  powder,  forty  grains  ;  oil  of  juniper  twenty  drops  ; 
sirup  of  ginger  a  sufficient  quantity  to  form  the  whole 
into  twenty  pills.  The  dose  is  two  or  three  of  these 
pills  to  be  taken  occasionally. 


SIRUP    OF    SUGAR. 


DISSOLVE  one  pound  and  three  quarters  of  pow- 
dered double  refined  sugar  in  a  pint  of  water,  by  means 
of  what  is  called  the  water  bath,  or  balneum  marise ; 
that  is,  by  setting  the  vessel  which  contains  it  in  a 
soucepan,  kettle,  or  copper  of  water,  over  the  fire, 
till  the  sugar  be  thoroughly  dissolved,  and  the  sirup 
properly  formed.  This,  Resides  other  advantages, 
prevents  the  danger  of  the  sugar'9  boiling  over,  which 
is  much  to  be  apprehended  in  the  common  mode  of 
boiling  sirup  in  large  quantities.  After  it  has  stood  a 
few  hours,  take  off  the  scum,  and  pour  the  sirup  into  a 
stone  jar  or  bottle  for  use. 


sirup,  for  Coughs,  #c, 

THIS  excellent   remedy  cannot  be  made  too  pub 
lie. — It  is  thus  prepared.     Take  six  ounces  of  cumfrey 
root,  and  twelve  handsfull  of  plantain  leaves;  cut  and 
beat  them  well;    strain   out  the  juice;  and,  with  an 
equal  weight  of  sugar,  boil  it  to  a  sirup. 


sirup,  for  the  Scurvy  and  Scorbutic  Eruptions, 

TO  four  beer  quarts  of  good  rich  sweet  wort,  add 
half  a  pound  of  sassafras,  m  ounce  of  sarsaparilla,  and 


SIZ  123 

four  ounces  of  daucus  seed,  commonly  called  wild  car- 
rot. Boil  them  gently  over  the  fire  for  three  quarters 
of  an  hour,  frequently  putting  the  ingredients  down 
with  a  ladle,  then  strain  the  same  through  a  cloth. 
To  each  beer  quart  of  this  liquor  put  one  pound  and 
a  half  of  good  thick  molasses.  Boil  the  same  gently 
for  three  quarters  of  an  hour,  scumming  it  all  the 
time  ;  put  it  into  a  pan  and  cover  it  till  cold,  then  bot- 
tle it  for  use.  Be  careful  not  to  cork  it  too  tight. 
The  dose  recommended  is  a  moderate  tea  cupfull  in 
the  morning  at  rising,  and  the  same  quantity  on  going 
to  bed.  It  was  continued  by  the  communicator  till  he 
had  taken  nineteen  or  twenty  wine  bottles  of  it;  dur- 
ing the  period  of  taking  it  he  abstained  from  animal 
food,  fish,  greens,  or  high  seasoned  sauces. 


SIZE    AND    FORM   OF   STOCK. 

[By  Henry  Cline,  Esq.   Surgeon.     Com.  Board   »f  Agricul- 
ture, 1805.] 

IP  is  the  intention  of  this  comnipnication  to  ascer- 
tain in  what  instances  crossing  the  breed  of  cattle  is 
proper,  and  in  what  prejudicial  ;  and  the  principles 
upon  which  the  propriety  of  it  depends. 

It  has  been  generally  understood  that  the  breed  of 
anima's  is  improved  by  crossing  with  the  largest  males. 
This  pinion  has  done  much  mischief,  and  would  have 
done  more  if  it  had  not  been  counteracted  by  the  de- 
sire of  selecting  animals  of  the  best  forms  and  propor- 
tions which  are  rarely  to  be  met  with  in  those  of  the 
largest  size.  Experience  has  proved  that  crossing  has 
only  succeeded  in  an  eminent  degree  in  those  instances 
in  which  the  females  were  larger  than  in  the  usual 
proportion  of  the  females  to  the  males  ;  and  that  it  has 
generally  failed  when  the  males  were  disproportionally 
large. 


124  SiZ 

The  external  form  of  domestic  animals  has  been 
much  studied,  and  the  proportions  are  well  ascertained. 
But  the  external  form  is  an  indication  of  internal  struc- 
ture. The  principles  of  improving  it  must  therefore 
be  founded  on  a  knowledge  of  the  structure  and  use  of 
the  internal  parts. 

Of  these  the  lungs  are  of  the  first  importance.  It  is 
on  their  size  and  soundness  that  the  strength  and  health 
of  an  animal  principally  depends.  The  power  of  con- 
verting food  into  nourishment  is  in  proportion  to  their 
size.  An  animal  with  large  lungs  is  capable  of  converting 
a  given  quantity  of  food  into  more  nourishment  than  one 
"xith  smaller  lungs ;  and  therefore  has  a  greater  aptitude 
to  fatten. 

Chest.  The  size  and  form  of  the  chest  indicate  the 
size  of  the  lungs,  of  which  the  form  should  approach 
to  the  figure  of  a  cone  having  the  apex  situated  be- 
tween the  shoulders  and  its  base  towards  the  loins  :  a 
circular  form  of  chest  is  preferable  to  one  deep  and 
narrow,  for  though  the  latter  may  have  greater  girth, 
the  former  will  have  greater  internal  space  in  propor- 
tion. 

The  Pelvis.  The  Pelvis  is  the  cavity  formed  by 
the  junction  of  the  hip  bones  with  the  rump  bone. 
This  cavity  should  be  large  in  a  female  that  she  may  be 
enabled  to  bring  forth  her  young  with  less  difficulty  ; 
when  this  cavity  is  small,  the  life  of  the  mother  and 
her  offspring  is  endangered. 

The  size  of  the  pelvis  is  indicated  by  the  width  of 
the  hips,  and  the  space  between  the  thighs  ;  the 
breadth  of  the  loins  is  always  in  proportion  to  that  of 
the  chest  and  pelvis. 

i 

Head.  The  head  should  be  small,  by  which  the 
birth  is  facilitated  to  the  offspring ,  it  also  indicates  the 


3  I  £  125 

animal  to  be  of  a   good  breed,   and  occasions  less 
weight  of  unprofitable  substance  to  the  consumer. 

Horns  are  useless  to  domestic  animals,  and  occasion 
a  great  weight  of  bone  in  the  head.  The  skull  of  a 
ram  with  horns  weighed  five  times  as  much  as  that  of 
one  without  horns,  each  being  four  years  old.  A  mode 
of  breeding  which  would  prevent  the  produc- 
tion of  horns,  would  therefore  afforda  considerable 
saving* 

The  length  of  the  neck  should  be  proportioned  to 
the  height  of  the  animal,  that  it  may  collect  its  food 
with  ease. 

Muscles.  The  muscles  and  tendons,  which  are  their 
appendages  should  be  large,  by  which  an  animal  is  en- 
abled to  travel  with  greater  facility. 

Bones.  The  strength  of  an  animal  does  not  depend 
on  the  size  of  the  bones,  but  on  that  of  the  muscles; 
many  animal*  with  large  bones  are  weak,  their  muscles 
being  small. 

Animals  imperfectly  nourished  during  growth  have 
their  bones  disproportionally  large.  If  this  originated 
irom  a  constitutional  defect,  they  remain  weak  during 
life  ;  large  bones  may  therefore  indicate  an  imperfec- 
tion in  the  organs  of  nutrition. 

Of  the  improvement  of  Form.  > 

The  chief  point  to  be  attended  to  for  the  improve* 
me'nt  of  form,  from  Mr  Cline*s  principles,  is  the  selec- 
tion of  males  for  breedof  a  proportionally  smaller  size 
than  the  females,  both  being  of  approved  forms; 
the  size  of  the  foetus  depends  on  the  size  of  the 
female,  and  therefore  when  the  female  isdispro- 
portionally  small,  her  offspring  has  all  the  di> 
M 


i26  3  I  Z 

proportion  of  a  starveling,  from  want  of  due  nourish- 
ment. 

The  larger  female  has  also  a  greater  supply  of  milk, 
and  her  offspring  is  therefore  more  abundantly  provid- 
ed with  nourishment  after  birth. 

When  the  female  is  large  in  proportion  to  the  male, 
the  lungs  of  the  offspring  will  also  be  greater;  by 
crossing  in  this  manner,  there  are  produced  animals 
with  remarkably  large  chests,  as  has  been  often  notic- 
ed :  the  advantage  of  large  lungs  has  been  already 
pointed  out. 

In  animals  where  activity  is  required,  this  practice 
should  not  be  extended  so  far  as  m  those  which  are  in- 
tended for  the  food  of  man. 

The  size  of  animals  is  commonly  adapted  to  the  soil 
which  they  inhabit ;  when  the  produce  is  scanty,  the 
breed  is  small :  the  large  sheep  of  Lincolnshire  would 
starve,  where  the  small  sheep  of  Wales  find  abundant 
food. 

Crossing  may  be  attended  with  bad  effects,  even 
when  begun  on  good  principles,  if  the  above  rule  be 
»ot  attended  to  throughout ;  for  instance,  if  large  ewes 
were  brought  to  Wales,  and  sent  to  the  rams  of  the 
country,  the  offspring  would  be  of  improved  form ; 
and,  if  sufficiently  fed,  of  larger  size  than  the  native 
animals,  but  the  males  of  this  breed  would  be 
disproportionately  large  to  the  native  ewes,  and 
therefore  would  produce  a  starveling  ill  formed  race 
with  them. 

The  general  mistake  in  Crossing  has  arisen  from  a& 
attempt  to  increase  the  size  of  a  native  race  of  animals) 
being  a  fruitless  effort  to  counteract  the  laws  of  na* 
ture  -9  whicby  from  theory,  from  practise,  and  exte** 


S  I  Z  127 

sive  observation,  Mr.  Cline  concludes  to  be  decidedly 
wrong  ;  for  in  proportion  to  this  unnatural  increase  of 
size,  they  become  worse  in  form,  less  hardy,  and  more 
liable  to  disease. 

Observations  by  the  Editors  of  the  Retrospttt  of  Dis- 
coveries. 

IN  this  very  excellent  communication  of  Mr.  Cline1*,' 
which  is  fraught  with  valuable  information,  there  is 
one  position  which  can  be  only  understood  in  a  gen- 
eral sense,  namely;  that  females  of  the  largest  size 
give  most  milk  in  proportion  :  small  cows  are  often 
known  to  give  more  milk  than  large ;  the  quantity  of 
milk  seems  to  depend  on  the  particular  breed,  and  on 
the  supply  of  food. 

Fatness  also  does  not  seem  to  be  inconsistent  with 
every  disease  of  the  lungs,  though  no  doubt  it  is  with 
most,  at  least  if  we  may  argue  from  the  human  race  to 
brute  animals,  as  nothing  is  more  common  than  for  fat 
people  to  be  asthmatic. 

The  directions  for  breeding  given  by  Mr.  Cline  are 
certainly  the  best  calculated  to  produce  fine  healthy 
animals,  and  of  course  the  most  wholesome  meat;  but 
there  is  some  doubt  whether  this  would  be  agreeable 
to  the  breeders,  as  the  exuberant  fatness,  which  has 
been  so  fashionable  among  them  for  some  years  pa*t, 
and  which  in  all  probability  is  inconsistent  with  the 
health  of  the  animal :  a  prodigious  fatness  is  justly 
considered  as  a  state  of  disease  in  mankind,  and  there 
rs  no  reason  why  it  should  not  be  so  in  beasts  also :  as 
a  confirmation  of  the  opinion  that  the  excess  of  fat  does 
not  improve  the  quality  of  the  meat,  it  is  pretty  gener- 
ally acknowledged  that  the  average  of  mutton  in  the 
London  markets  affords  a  much  more  coarse  and  unpal- 
atable food  than  what  vsas  in  general  to  be  had  some 
years  back,  before  the  prodigiously  fat  breeds  became 


1&8  SLA 

$o  prevalent.  There  is  great  reason  to  believe  that 
the  fine  flavour  of  the  meat  may  not  solely  proceed 
from  an  adequate  age  of  the  animal,  but  may  also  de- 
pend on  particularity  of  breed,  as  much  as  great  fat- 
ness or  quality  of  wool;  and  if  the  breeders  of  sheep 
would  attend  a  little  to  this  circumstance  in  future, 
they  would  confer  a  singular  favour  on  all  those  who 
cat  mutton,  who  are  at  least  as  numerous  as  the  tallow 
chandlers  and  clothiers,  whose  interests  they  have 
hitherto   chiefly  studied  in  this  matter,  next  to  their 

•WB. 


SLAUGHTERING   OR  CATTLEi 

THE  practice  of  slaughtering  cattle  by  puncturing 
the  medulla  spinalis,  or  as  it  is  now  called  pithing  caU 
2/e,  is  extending  through  all  parts  of  the  kingdom  (Great 
Britain)  by  the  perseverance  of  the  Board  of  Agricul- 
ture. The  want  of  skill  in  the  operation,  and  the  pre- 
judices arising  from  established  customs,  we  are  sorry 
to  observe,  however,  render  the  system  less  general 
than  it  should  be.  It  is  perfectly  ascertained  that  the 
spinal  marrow  may  be  divided  without  immediate 
death,  should  the  wound  be  inflicted  below  the  origin 
of  the  nerves  that  supply  the  diaphragm,  and  allow  the 
animal  the  power  of  respiration  ;  but  if  the  puncture 
is  made  into  the  cavity  of  the  skull,  so  as  to  divide  the  - 
medullary  substance  above  the  origin  of  these  nerves, 
death  is  instantaneous,  and  without  the  least  apparent 
sensation  of  pain.  If  a  line  be  drawn  across  the  head 
from  the  root  of  each  ear  (about  an  inch  and  an  half 
from  the  horns)  the  centre  of  this  line  is  the  spot  in 
which  the  puncture  should  be  made,  an  awl  or 
a  common  penknife  is  as  good  an  instrument  as  can  be 
rsed. 


S  M  U— S  N  0— S  N  fcf  129 

Smut  IN  grain,    Remedy  for. 
SEE  the  article  "wheat,"  in  the  following  page*. 


snow — To  preserve  meat  in. 

MEAT  that  is  killed  in  December,  may  be  kept  in 
perfection  if  buried  in  snow  until  spring,  This  is  an 
excellent  method  of  preserving  fresh  and  good  the  cai> 
cases  of  turkies  and  other  fowls. 

Set  any  open  cask  in  a  cold  place,  put  snow  and  pie- 
ces of  meat  alternately :  Let  not  the  pieces  touch  each 
other,  nor  the  sides  of  the  cask.  The  meat  will  nei- 
ther freeze,  grow  dry,  nor  be  discoloured  ;  but  be  as 
good  in  all  respects  at  the  last  of  March  as  when  it 
was  first  put  in.  The  surfaces  of  the  pieces  should  be 
a  little  frozen,  before  they  are  put  into  the  snow,  that 
the  juice  of  the  meat  may  not  dissolve  the  snow.  The 
cask  should  be  placed  in  the  coldest  part  of  the  house, 
or  in  an  out  house. 


snuff,  cephalio— how  made. 

f*  TAKE  half  an  ounce  each  of  sage,  rosemary,  lilliea 
of  the  valley,  and  the  tops  of  sweet  marjoram,  with 
a  drachm  each  of  asarabacca  root,  lavender  flowers,  and 
nutmeg.  Reduce  the  whole  to  a  fine  powder,  and 
take  it  like  common  snuff,  as  often  as  may  be  neces- 
sary for  the  relief  of  the  head,  fee.  There  are  few 
so  generally  useful  and  innocent  cephalic  souffs  as  tfe? 
above. 

M   2 


t#>  S  N  U— S  0  A 


snuff,  collins'  cephalic— for   disorders  in  the  Head, 
strengthening  the  Nerves,  and  restoring  the  Spirits.. 

TAKE  Virginia  leaf  tobacco,  dry  it  well  and  make 
it  into  a -high  flavoured  snuff,  to  this  add  one  twelfth 
part  of  the  finest  roseate  rappee,  and  a  small  quantity 
of  the  real  maccabaw;  of  betony,  eye-bright,  marjo- 
ram, thyme-syriac,  flowers  of  marum-syriac,  equal 
quantities,  dried  and  reduced  to  a  fine  powder ;  to  these 
add  one  twentieth  part  of  the  leaves  of  assari,  dried 
and  powdered,  also  of  cloves  dried  fully  and  powdered 
one  fiftieth  part;  the  essential  oils  of  cinnamon,  nut- 
megs, lavender,  and  balsam  of  Peru,  ofeachasmall 
quantity  ;  mix  these  well  together  with  the  snuff,  and 
put  the  whole  into  an  earthern  pan,  pressing  it  very 
close  together.  After  it  has  stood  four  days,  add  there- 
to eau  de  luce  in  the  proportion  of  one  ounce  to  every 
pound  of  the  above  snuff,  together  with  orange-flower, 
lavender,  and  rose  waters,  just  sufficient  to  make  the 
whole  a  little  moist.  Then  put  it  into  bottles  for  use 
of  this  a  pinch  may  be  taken  at  any  time  for  the  com- 
plaints mentioned. 


soap,  Receipt  for  making* 

FOR  one  leach  tub  of  ashes,  take  half  a  bushel  of 
lime— after  having  well  covered  the  bottom  of  the 
leach  with  straw  and  sticks,  put  first  a  bushel  of  ashes, 
then  two  quarts  of  lime,  upon  which  pour  boiling:  water 
to  slake  the  lime ;  continue  to  fill  the  leach  in  this  man 
ner.  For  each  barrel  of  soap,  take  twenty-eight 
pounds  of  clean  grease,  and  three  pounds  of  rosin  ; 
melt  them  together  with  two  pails  full  of  the  lie  first 
drawn  from  the  leach — when  it  has  boiled  half  an  hour, 
pour  it  into  the  barrel  and  fill  it  up  with  lie  as  fast  as 
it  can  be  drawn,  stirring  it  well  as  the  lie  i§  added. 


S  O  A— S  O  D— S  0  I  131 

If  a  sufficient  number  of  leach  tubs  are  used,  four 
barrels  can  be  made  with  ease  in  half  a  day^—and  if  the 
ashes  are  good,  with  entire  success. 


soap,  saving  of. 

FOR  the  use  of  private  families,  where  linen  is  dir- 
ty by  perspiration  or  grease  it  will  be  of  great  service 
towards  rendering  it  white,  to  steep  it  for  some  time 
in  a  clear  liquor,  made  by  mixing  one  quart  of  quick 
lime  in  ten  gallons  of  water,  letting  the  mixture  stand 
24  hours,  and  then  using  the  clear  water,  drawn  from 
the  lime.  After  the  linen  is  steeped  in  this  liquor  it 
should  be  washed  as  usual,  but  it  will  require  much 
less  soap  to  be  used. 


soda,  in  washing. 

A  FEW  ounces  of  soda  will  soften  a  hogshead  of  the 
hardest  water.  It  is  said  to  be  greatly  superiour  in 
washing  to  either  potash  or  pearlash.  It  gives  a  deli- 
oate  whiteness  to  the  linen  without  the  slightest  inju- 
ry, and  never,  unless  excess  is  used  in  the  least  affects 
the  hands.  To  glasses,  decanters,  table  spoons,  Sic. 
it  gives  a  lustre  equal  to  the  highest  polish,  without 
I  labour,  if  washed  in  water,  in  which  a  small  quantity 
has  been  dissolved. 


SOILING. 

BY  this  term  is  meant,  the  feeding  of  stock  in  a 
house,  shed,  or  fold,  with  cut  green  food,  instead  of 
making  the  grass  into  hay  or  pasturing  the  fold. 

Various  articles  are  used  for  that  purpose,  as  tares 
and  lucerne  ;  also  barley,  oats,  and  beans,  all  in  a  green 


132  SOI 

Mate  ;  but  red  clover,  either  alone,  or  mixt  with  rye 
gra^s,  is  the  substance  most  commonly  applied. 

Soiling  is  a  great  saving  of  land :  for  one  acre  of  cut 
clover,  is  equal  to  two  pastured,  even  of  the  same 
crop,  and  in  the  same  field. — It  is  a  great  saving  of 
food  :  for  when  pastured,  much  of  the  crop  is  destroy- 
ed in  various  ways,  as  by  trampling,  dunging  upon  it, 
&c — It  is  likewise  safer  for  stock,  for  when  they  are 
soiled,  they  are  not  so  liable  to  the  same  accidents,  as 
when  under  the  pasturing  system. — It  is  also  the  means 
of  obtaining  a  greater  quantity  of  rich  dung,  than  can 
otherwise  be  obtained,  (for  the  process  can  thus  be  car- 
ried on  in  summer  as  well  as  winter)  and  it  puts  clay- 
land  farms,  in  that  respect,  more  nearly  on  a  footing 
with  those  of  a  turnip  soil.  Its  other  advantages  are, 
that  the  succeeding  crop,  after  cut  clover,  is  uniformly 
better  than  when  it  is  pastured — that  the  fences  are 
not  so  liable  to  injury  from  the  stock  maintained  nor 
from  the  carelessness  of  those  who  are  employed  to 
catch  them. 

Working  horses,  or  oxen,  derive  great  advantage 
from  soiling.  They  are  saved  the  trouble  of  collect- 
ing their  food,  after  their  work  is  over;— can  fill 
themselves  much  sooner,  and  consequently  have  more 
time  for  rest ; — and  can  take  their  repose  much  bet- 
ter, in  a  stable  or  shed,  with  plenty  of  litter,  than  in 
an  open  field,  where  there  are  so  many  things  to  annoy 
them. 

The  experiments  of  soiling  cattle  have  likewise 
been  successful.  Young  steers  become  more  tracta- 
ble for  work ;  nor  is  there  any  risk  of  cattle  being  ho- 
ven,  if  their  feed  is  mowed  two  days  in  aaVance,  For 
jnilch  cot%  in  particular,  it  is  highly  expedient  to  soil 
them,  at  least  in  the  middle  of  the  day,  that  they  may 
not  be  tormented  with  flies  in  the  field,  nor  induced  to 
stand  in  brooks,  or  ponds  of  water,  nor  in  the  shade  of 


SCO  1*8 

spreading  trees  or  hedges,  by  which  much  valuable 
manure  is  lost.  The  stock  are  thus  kept  in  a  healthier 
state,  and  the  milk  is  of  superiour  quality. 

Pigs  may  be  soiled  on  clover,  with  much  advantage, 
and  for  that  purpose,  there  ought  to  be  a  patch  of  clo- 
ver  in  the  garden  of  every  cottager.  But  green  beans 
are  perhaps  a  still  more  profitable  article,  as  pigs  are 
peculiarly  fond  of  them.  The  Windsor  sort  are  pre- 
ferred, and  the  beans  should  be  planted  at  different 
times,  to  insure  a  regular  succession.  Horses  also  are 
fond  of  green  beans,  after  being  a  little  accus- 
tomed to  them  ;  and  stall  fed  cattle  thrive  well  on 
that  food. 

There  is  certainly  no  mode,  by  which  cultivated 
grasses  will  pay  so  well  as  by  soiling.  In  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  towns,  the  same  land  will  produce  at  the 
rate  of  from  20  to  25/.  per  statute  acre,  cut  for  soiling, 
which  would  be  considered  high  at  9  or  10/  if  let  in 
pasture.  The  expense  of  carting  the  cut  grass,  must, 
however,  be  deducted.     Sir  John  Sinclair. 


SOOT. 

THAT  valuable  article  Soot,  has  hitherto  been  too 
much  neglected ;  but  the  time  has  now  come,  that  ite^ 
use  is  in  some  degree  understood.  Although  for  years 
past  it  has  been  used  with  great  success  in  England, 
yet  its  valuable  qualities  have  been  but  little  known  to 
American  Agriculturalists.  But  where  experiments 
have  been  made  in  this  country,  its  utility  has  far  ex- 
ceeded our  most  sanguine   expectations. 

By  my  own  experience,  as  well  as  by  that  of  others 
much  more  skilled  than  myself  in  Agriculture,  it  is 
found  the  best  mode  to  preserve  the  soot  perfectly  dry 
in  large  quantities.  When  the  time  of  gardening  com- 
mences,  prepare  your  leach  or  large   vat ;    then  sift 


134  SOW 

your-  soot,  and  all  the  coarse  pound  fine  ;  sift  it  again, 
and  then  611  your  leach  or  vat  with  soot — after  this, 
pour  in  as  much  rain  or  soft  water  as  it  will  hold. 
When  your  plants  first  come  up  is  the  time  that  insects 
commit  their  depredations — draw  off  the  ley  and  while 
the  dew  is  on  in  the  morning,  with  a  water  pot  gently 
sprinkle  plants  from  morning  to  morning  till  weeding 
time.  When  you  are  sure  one  half  of  the  strength  of 
the  soot  is  extracted  in  ley,  you  may  venture  to  strew 
the  soot  lightly  over  the  ground  close  to  the  vegetahle, 
it  wiH  be  the  destroyer  of  the  fly  bug,  slug,  wire  worm 
and  all  kinds  of  insects  that  destroy  vegetation.  But 
this  is  not  all,  it  is  a  most  valuable  manure,  for  it  will 
attract  the  dew,  and  will,  in  its  rich  moisture,  adhere 
to  the  soot  and  earth,  as  it  does  to  gypsum  or  plaister 
of  Paris  when  used  in  the  iaterior  of  our  country. — 
Soak  your  wheat  and  com  in  this  ley  twenty  four  hours 
before  they  are  planted  or  sown,  and  when  coming  up 
strew  the  leached  soot  gently  over  the  ground,  or  ap- 
ply it  to  the  hills  of  corn,  it  will  answer  all  the  before 
described  purposes,  and  will  completely  prevent  your 
wheat  from  smutting. 

It  is  also  a  defence  from  the  birds,  as  the  bitterness 
of  the  grain  is  so  disgusting  to  their  taste,  they  are 
obliged  to  have  recourse  to  other  methods  of  getting 
food.  Palladium. 


SOWING. 

THE  depth  at  which  different  seeds  should  be  bu- 
ried in  the  soil  is  various  according  to  the  difference 
of  seeds  and  soils.  It  has  been  found  by  experiment 
that  few  seeds  will  come  up  at  all,  when  buried  deep- 
er than  nine  inches ;  that  some  will  rise  very  well 
from  the  depth  of  six  inches,  and  that  other  seeds  do 
not  rise  at  all  when  they  are  more  than  two  inches  un- 
der the  surface.     And  in  general  those  seeds,  the  body 


\ 


SPA  135 

of  which  is  thrown  above  the  surface  in  vegetating, 
should  have  the  less  quantity  of  soil  above  them  that 
they  may  not  meet  with  two  great  resistance  in  rising; 
such  as  kidney  beans  and  many  other  sorts.  The 
same  seeds  may  and  ought  to  be  buried  deeper  in  a 
light  and  dry  than  a  heavy  and  moist  soil.  When  the 
ground  is  rolled  after  sowing,  the  seeds  will  vegetate 
nearer  the  surface,  and  therefore  they  do  not  need  to 
be  sowed  so  deep  as  when  the  rolling  is  omitted. 

Sowing  seeds  with  the  drill  has  many  advantages 
Over  the  broad  cast  method.  No  seed  is  wasted,  they 
all  rise  nearly  together,  each  seed  has  proper  room  for 
its  growth ;  no  starved  heads  will  appear,  and  the 
whole  will  ripen  together.  Half  a  bushel  of  wheat, 
or  even  a  less  quantity,  in  this  way  will  seed  an  acre 
sufficiently. 


SPAVINS  IN   MORSES. 

THERE  are  three  sorts  of  spavins.-  First  the  bona 
Spavin:  This  is  a  bony  excresence  formed  in  the  joint, 
which  impedes  the  motion  of  the  joint,  and  is  seldom 
curable.  Secondly,  the  wind  spavin;  it  commonly 
comes  in  the  horse's  ham.  Prick  the  swelling  with  »a 
phlehm  knife,  but  take  especial  care  not  to  injure  the 
nervous  cords,  for  this  will  often  bring  on  the  lock 
jaw.  Upon  opening  the  swelling  you  will  often  find  a 
gelatinous  homour  to  issue  from  the  opening  :  apply  a 
turnip  pouUice  for  a  few  days  to  draw  out  the  humour j 
then  strengthen  the  part,  by  bathing  it  with  brandy. 

Thirdly,  the  blood  spavin.  The  coats  of  the  vein 
bejng  ruptured,  the  blood  extrava9ates,  and  forms  a 
f  rotuberance  in  the  vela. 


13*  S  F  I— S  P  O 

Cure. 

TAKE  up  the  vein  with  a  crooked  needle  and  tie  it 
above  the  swelling;  then  let  blood  below  it,  a*jd  apply 
cow  dung  fried  in  goose  grease  and  vinegar  by  way  of 
poultice* 

SPITTING   OP  BLOOD  FROM  THE  LUNGS. 

A  WEAK  solution  of  nitre,  or  draughts  of  water 
soured  with  lemon  juice  j  or  a  table  spoonful  of  com- 
mon salt 

spots  of  oil,  tallow,  &c.  how  removed frmn  Books,  £c. 

T4KE  five  or  six  pieces  of  lighted  charcoal,  about 
the  size  of  a  walnut  each,  wrap  them  in  a  piece  of 
very  clean  white  linen,  which  has  been  previously 
dipped  in  water,  and  squeezed  with  the  hand,  in  order 
to  press  out  the  superabundant  liquid  Lay  the  stuff 
that  is  spotted  upon  a  clean  napkin  spread  over  a  ta- 
ble ,  then  take  the  cloth  containing  the  charcoal  by 
the  four  corners  and  lay  it  on  the  spot  ten  or  twelve 
times  successively,  pressing  lightly  upon  it,  and  the 
spot  will  wholly  disappear.  When  the  spot  is  consid- 
erable, it  sometimes  goes  through  the  stuff  and  the 
grease  is  imbibed  by  the  napkin.  But  this  is  certain, 
that  no  spot  of  the  nature  above  mentioned  has  ever  re- 
sisted this,  process. 


«>ots,  of  grease,  or  paint — flow  removed  from  Woolen 
Cloths^  Sitfo)  or  Hats. 

TO  two  parts  of  tbe  purest  alcohol,  or  spirits  of  wine  j 
add  one  part  of  pure  unadultered  essential  oil  of  lem- 
on, (if  good  it  will  readily  mix  with  the  alcohol  and  be* 


3  P  O  137 

come  as  limpid  as  water.)  Pour  a  few  drops  of  the^ 
mixture  on  the  spot  which  you  wish  to  remove,  ancT 
rub  it  briskly  with  a  piece  of  white  fine  flannel  if  on 
woollen,  or  with  silk  if  upon  silk,  and  it  will  soon  dis- 
appear and  leave  no  stain  or  darkness  behind  it  even 
on  the  most  delicate  colours.  As  it  is  not  only  absolutely 
necessary  that  the  oil  of  lemons  should  be  pure  and  una- 
dulterated, but  that  the  spirits  of  wine  should  be  of  the 
first  quality,  its  goodness  may  be  easily  proved  by  fir- 
ing a  small  quantity  in  a  silver  spoon,  when,  if  really 
good,  it  will  burn  quite  dry.  This  latter  observation 
wrll  apply  to  most  of  the  receipts  in  which  alcohol  is 
employed. 

Another. 

IN  a  pint  of  spring  water  dissolve  an  ounce  of  pure 
pearlash,  adding  to  the  solution  a  lemon,  cut  in  small 
slices  ;  this  being  properly  mixed,  and  kept  in  a  warm 
state  for  two  days,  the  whole  mass  must  be  strained, 
and  the  clear  liquid  kept  in  a  bottle  for  use. 


sroTS  of  iKk— To  remove  from   Cotton  or  Linnen,  if 
recent. 

APPLY  strong  vinegar,  lemon  juice  and  salt  Jay  rub- 
bing the  spot  with  part  of  a  lemon,  or  oxy-muriatic  acid, 
or  common  muriatic  acid,  (spirit  of  Sea  Salt)  diluted — 
washing  the  spot  well  in  cold  Water  after  the  stain  is 
removed. 

To  remove  Iron  moulds. 

THE  per  oxyd  of  iron  is  very  difficult  to  remove. 

The  bleachers  remove  it,  by  taknig  strong  muriatifc  acid, 

(spirit  of  salt)  and  dipping  the  finger  in  it,  they  dab  the 

*tain  witfc  the  acid,  letting  it  rest  till  the  spot  is  remove 

N 


138  S  P  %-S  T  A 

ed.  This  sometimes  answers,  but  if  the  spot  has  been 
frequently  washed  it  will  be  very  hard  to  move.  In 
this  case  put  on  a  little  of  the  salt  of  sorrel  and  lemon 
juice.  Sometimes  one  of  these  methods  succeeds  and 
sometimes  another. 


sprains,  cure  for, 

TAKE  a  large  spoonful  of  honey,  the  same  quantity 
of  salt,  and  the  white  of  an  egg,  beat  the  whole  up  to- 
gether incessantly  for  two  hours,  then  let  it  stand  an 
hour  and  annointthe  place  sprained  with  the  oil  which 
will  be  produced  from  the  mixture,  keeping  the  part 
well  rolled  with  a  good  bandage.  This  is  said,  gener- 
ally, to  have  enabled  persons  with  sprained  ankles  to 
walk  in  twenty-four  hours,  entirely  free  from  pain. 


staggers  in  horses,  Remedy  for,  which  has  been  found 
effectual  in  repeated  trials.  By  a  gentleman  in  North 
Carolina. 

THIS  distemper,  so  fatal  to  that  valuable  animal,  it 
is  asserted,  from  the  most  respectable  authority,  may 
be  cured  by  the  following  simple  means  :  Take  of  the 
expressed  juice  of  garlic  six  spoonsfull,  which  pour 
down  the  horse's  throat  by  means  of  a  horn,  or  give  it 
him  in  a  drench.  If  the  first  dose  should  not  relieve 
him,  or  he  should  appear  to  be  maze  headed,  repeat 
it  after  an  intermedium  of  two  or  three  hours.  The 
juice  of  the  leek  or  onion  given  in  rather  a  greater 
quantity,  wjll  produce  nearly  the  same  effect  As  this 
disorder  is  an  apoplexy  of  the  nervous  kind,  it  is  pre- 
sumed that  the  pungency  of  the  liquid,  by  exciting 
powerfully  the  nervous  system,  effects  the  cure  of  a 
disorder  hitherto  coasidered  as  fatal. 


S  T  A— S  T  I—ST.  A  139 


STAINS. 

To  take  Ink  Stains  out  of  Mahogany. 

PUT  a  few  drops  of  spirits  of  sea  salt  or  oil  of  vit- 

►       riol  in  a  teaspoonful   of  water,    and  touch  the  stain  or 

spot  with  a  feather ;  and  on  the  ink's  disappearing,  rub 

it  over  with  a  r?g  wetted  in  cold  water,  or  there  will 

be  a  white  mark  not  easily  effaced. 

starch,  how  made. 

TO  make  starch  from  wheat  the  grain  is  steeped  in 
cold  water,  till  it  becomes  soft  and  yields  a  milky  juice 
on  pressure  ;  it  is  then  put  into  sacks  of  linen,  and 
pressed  in  a  vat  filled  with  water :  as  long  as  any  milky 
juice  exudes  the  pressure  is  continued  ;  the  fluid  grad- 
ually becomes  clear,  and  a  white  powder  subsides, 
which  is  starch. — Davy'  Elements  of  Agricultural  Chem* 
istry.         [See  likewise  "potatoe  starch." 


STIFLE    IN    A    HORSE. 

APPLY  Oil  of  Spike  to  the  part  affected. 

st.  Anthony's  fire — cure  for. 

TAKE  equal  parts  of  fine  spirit  or  oil  of  turpentine, 
and  highly  rectified  spirits  of  wine,  mix  them  well  to- 
gether, and  anoint  the  face  gently  with  a  feather  dip- 
ped in  it  immediately  after  shaking  the  bottle.  Do 
this  often,  always  first  shaking  the  bottle,  and  taking 
care  never  to  approach  the  eyes,  and  it  will  generally 
effect  a  cure  in  a  day  or  two  ;  for  though  it  seems  at 
first  to  inflame,  it  actually  softens  and  heals. 


HO  S  T  E— S  T  O 

Another. 
TAKE  a  sponge  and  anoint  with  mutton  marrow* 

steel,  mode  of  polishing. 

AFTER  well  oiling  the  rusty  parts,  let  it  remain  two 
or  three  clays  in  this  state  ;  then  wipe  it  dry  with  clean 
rags  and  polish  it  with  emery  or  pumice  stone,  or 
hard  wood.  A  little  unslacked  lime  finely  powdered, 
will,  however,  frequently  be  sufficient  after  the  oil  is  ( 
cleaned  off.  Where  a  very  great  degree  of  polish  is 
required,  it  will  be  most  effectually  obtained  by  using 
a  paste  composed  of  fine  levigated  blood-stone  and 
spirits  of  wine.  Bright  bars  are,  however,  admirably 
cleaned  in  a  few  minutes,  by  using  a  small  portion  of 
fine  corn  emery,  and  finishing  with  flour  of  emery  or 
rotten  stone. 


stohe — cure  for. 

THE  expressed  juice  or  a  strong  decoction  %£  dry 
horsemint,  and  of  red  onions,  one  gill  of  each  to  be 
taken  every  morning  and  every  evening  till  the  com- 
plaint be  removed. 

Another  cure. 

BOIL  thirty  unroasted  coffee  berries  in  a  quart  of 
water,  till  the  liquid  becomes  of  a  greenish  hue  ;  half  a 
pint  of  which  is  to  be  taken  every  morning  and  eve- 
ning, with  ten  drops  of  the  sweet  spirit  of  nitre.  It 
will  be  proper,  while  using  this  medicine,  occasionally 
to  open  the  bowels  by  taking  a  spoonful  or  two  of  cas- 
tor-oil. This  simple  remedy  is  said  to  have  been  ad- 
ministered with  great  success  in  this  most  painful  dis- 
ease. 


STR  14,1 

Another. 

A  GOOD  handful  of  the  fibres  of  garden  leeks  (not 
the  leek  part,  but  the  fibres  only,)  boiled  in  two 
quarts  of  water  till  it  is  reduced  to  one  quart;  of  this 
take  half  a  "pint  twice  a  day,  when  the  stomach  is 
most  empty. 

Another. 

TAKE  a  large  handful  of  the  fibres  or  roots  of  the 
garden  leek,  put  them  into  two  quarts  of  soft  water, 
cover  it  close  and  let" it  simmer  gently  over  the  fire, 
till  it  is  reduced  to  one  quart.  Pour  it  off  clear  and 
drink  a  pint  of  it  in  the  course  of  the  day  at  morn- 
ing, noon  and  night.  This  is  the  quantity  requisite  for 
an  adult.  In  the  case  communicated  this  prescription 
was  strictly  adhered  to  for  five  or  six  weeks,  when 
the  stone  was  dissolved  and  gradually  discharged,  and 
in  about  six  weeks  a  perfect  cure  was  effected. 


STRAIN. 

WHEN  an  ox  is  strained  by  over  drawing — Take 
about  half  a  pint  of  common  soap,  stir  it  together  with 
a  quart  of  milk  and  pour  it  down  his  threat. 


straw,  mode  of  whitening. 

IN  1806,  a  new  method  of  whitening  straw  was  dis- 
covered in  Germany.  This  consists  of  steeping  it  in 
muriatic  acid  saturated  with  potash.  The  straw  thus 
prepared  never  turns  yellow,  is  of  a  shining  white  an4 
acquires  great  flexibility, 

N  2 


14*  STU 


stubble,  burning  of. 

MR.  W.  CURTIS,  of  Lynn,  Norfolk,  found  very 
beneficial  effects  from  burning  the  stubble  of  oats, 
which  was  left  eighteen  inches  high  foj  this  purpose, 
on  a  field  broken  up  from  old  pasture  the  same  year ; 
he  afterwards  sowed  wheat  and  oats  in  succession  on 
the  same?  ground,  the  stubble  of  both  whicf/was  burned 
in  the  same  manner  The  ashes  were  in  every  case 
ploughed  in  to  a  small  depth,  and  the  verges  of  the 
field  mowed  previous  to  the  burning,  to  prevent  acci- 
dents. After  the  third  crop  of  corn,  all  of  which, 
were  abundant  and  remarkably  free  from  weeds,  the 
field  was  laid  down  with  clover  and  grass  seeds,  and 
the  ensuing  crops  of  both  hay  and  grass  proved 
infinitely  finer  than  those  before  the  ground  was  bro- 
ken up. 

Another  piece  of  land  was  cropped  for  three  succes- 
sive years,  in  the  same  manner  as  the  first,  to  which 
it  was  similar  in  every  respect  of  soil,  aspect,. and 
previous  management,  but  in  which  the  stubble  was 
ploughed  in,  instead  of  being  burned  ;  the  produce 
of  each  crop  on  it  was  much  inferiour  to  that  of  the 
first  experiment,  and  the  weeds  increased  so  greatly, 
that  on  laying  it  down  to  grass,  they  overpowered  the 
gra^  seeds  so  much  that  it  was  necessary  to  re-sow 
it ;  and  ever  after,  while  Mr.  Curtis  held  it,  the  grass 
and  hay  produced  were  coarse  and  full  of  weeds,,  and 
consequently  inferior  both  in  value  and  quantity  to 
those  of  the  other  field,  on  which  the  stubble  had  been 
burned. 

In  burning  stubble,  the  danger  which  is  to  be  appre- 
hended from  the  spreading  of  the  flames,  may  perhaps 
be  obviated  by  tracing  a  furrow  round  the  field,  and 
setting  fire  to  the  stubble  on  the  inner  edge  of  the  fur- 
row. 


SWI  143 


SWINE. 

IF  hogs  are  scurvy,  and  inclined  to  manginess,  a 
little  oil  poured  upon  their  backs  will  cause  it  to  come 
off.  Some  say  a  small  mess  of  rye  now  and  then  as  a 
change  of  food  is  good  against  manginess,  and  other  dis- 
orders. 

If  the  issues  in  their  fore  legs  should  chance  to  get 
stopped,  every  attempt  to  fatten  thern  will  be  vain. 
These,  therefore  should  be  watched,  and  if  found  to  be 
stopped,  should  be  rubbed  open  with  a  coin  cob.  Rub- 
bing and  currying  their  hides  very  frequently  is  of  ad- 
vantage to  keep  up  the  perspiration.  It  is  grateful  to 
the  animals,  as  well  as  conducive  to  their  health  and 
growth.  A  proper  scrubbing  post  in  the  middle  of 
their  pen  will  not  be  amiss,  and  during  the  whole  time 
of  their  fatting  they  should  have  plenty  of  litter — 
They  will  lie  more  dry  and  warm,  and  it  will 
be  more  than  paid  for  by  increase  of  good  man- 
ure. * 

When  hogs  are  killed  a  single  one  should  not  be  left 
alone  in  a  pen  He  will  pine  after  his  former  compan- 
ions and  will  suffer  for  want  of  lodging  so  warm  as  he 
has  been  accustomed  to  do. 

After  swine  have  reached  a  certain  degree  of  fat- 
ness, by  feeding  them  on  potatoes,  oats,  pumpkins,  &c. 
a  small  quantity  of  richer  food  will  complete  the  fat- 
tening. The  change,  however,  from  meaner  to  rich- 
er keeping  should  be  gradual.  It  may  not  be  said,  that 
boiled  potatoes  mixed  with  meal  will  be  profitable  ; 
for  the  mixture  imparts  no  nutritive  Qualities  to  the 
potatoes.  They  are  of  no  more  use,  except  in  mak- 
ing the  change  it  is  preferable  to  mix  them  with  meal 
for  a  season,  to  prevent  the  bad  effects  of  too  great 
and  sudden  an  alteration  in  their  diet. 


144  TAN— TEA 

■ 
The  following  mode  of  fattening  hog9  has  been  re- 
commended Wash  potatoes  clean,  boil  them  and 
mash  them  fine  while  hot;  mix  in  at  the  same  time- 
oats  and  peameal.  Put  the  mixture  into  a  large  tub, 
and  let  it  stand  till  it  sours  thoroughly.  Keep  a  quan- 
tity of  this  o«  hand,  always  fermenting  and  give  it  to 
your  hogs  as  often  as  they  will  eat.  It  is  said  that  pork 
may  be  fattened  in  this  way,  and  make  a  saving  of  at 
least  one  third  of  the  feed  and  time  consumed  in  the 
usual  mode. 


TANNING   LEATHER. 

THE  leaves  of  the  oak  are  said  to  be  equal  to  the 
bark  for  tanning  leather,  provided  they  are  used  in  the 
month  of  September,  when  they  possess  the  bitter  sap 
which  they  afterwards  lose. 


tea,  economy  in  the  use  of. 

SAVE  the  tea  leaves,  dry  them  to  a  crisp,  reduce  them 
to  a  fine  powder  in  a  mortar;  a  tea  spoonful  in  a  rag, 
put  into  a  tea  pot,  will  be  equal  in  quality  and 
flavour  to  three  tea  spoonfuls  of  the  leaves  when  first 
wsed. 


tea  kettles,  to  remove  lime  from. 

TAKE  one  quarter  of  a  pound  of  Spanish  Whiting, 
put  it  into  a  teakettle,  when  full  of  water,  and 
boil  it  for  an  hour,  or  until  the  lime  is  removed. 


TEE— TOO  145 


TEETH. 

To  cleanse  the  Teeth  and  improve  the  breath. 
TO  four  ounces  of  fresh  prepared  lime  water  add 
a  drachm  of  Peruvian  bark,  and  wash  the  teeth  with 
this  water  in  the  morning  before  breakfast,  and  after 
supper.  It  will  effectually  desiroy  the  tartar,  and 
remove  the  offensive  smell  from  those  which  have  de- 
cayed. 

Recipe  for  sore  and  ulcerated  Gums,  and  a  preservative 
for  the   Teeth. 

MIX  an  equal  quantity  of  the  tincture  of  Jesuits 
bark,  and  the  tincture  of  myrrh.  To  a  spoonful  of 
this  mixture  add  from  three  to  fivespoonsfull  of  water, 
as  you  wish  it  to  be  stronger  or  weaker,  but  the  strong- 
er you  can  use  it  the  better.  Take  a  table  spoonfull 
of  this  diluted  mixture  into  your  mouth,  keeping  it 
there  as  long  as  you  can,  and  washing  the  gum  with  it 
as  well  as  you  are  able.  Repeat  this  operation  as  of- 
ten as  convenient,  and  you  will  soon  perceive  the  ben- 
eficial effects  of  it.  Do  not  rinse  your  mouth  after  it, 
but  let  the  flavour  remain. 


tools,  how  tempered. 

MAKE  the  tool  red  hot  in  the  fire,  and  when  red 
cherry  colour,  take  it  off  from  the  fire,  rub  it  with  a 
piece  of  candle,  and  steep  it  immediately  in  good  strong 
vinegar,  in  which  you  have  dmited  some  soot. 

Another  way  to  temper  Tools,  xvhen  too  brittle. 

PLUNGE  them  in  boiling  fat  for  two  hours;  then 
take  them  out.  and  let  them  cool  gradually. 


146  TOO 


TOOTH  ACHE. 

Pill  for  an  aching  hollow    Tooth. 

TAKE  half  a  grain  each  of  opium,  and  yellow  sub- 
sulphate  of  quicksilver,  formerly  called  turpith  miner- 
al, make  them  into  a  pill,  and  place  it  in  the  hollow  of 
the  tooth  some  hours  before  bed  time,  with  a  small 
piece  of  wax  over  the  hole. 

Another. 

CAMPHOR  and  opium  held  in  the  mouth;  wet  a 
bit  of  lint,  or  cotton  with  oil  of  cloves  and  appty  it  to 
the  tooth;  a  blister  behind  the  ear;  a  pepper  corn 
bruised  with  hot  brandy,  and  applied  with  a  linen  rag  ; 
grated  ginger  and  the  white  of  an  egg  made  into  a  plas* 
ter  and  applied  to  the  cheek.  Scarify  the  gums,  if 
swoln,  with  a  lancet. 

Another  Remedy. 

[From  a  London  Magazine  for  1811.] 

PREPARE  an  infusion  of  the  root  of  the  narrow 
leafed  dock,  in  the  following  manner:  After  washing 
the  roots  clean,  bruise  them  all,  and  pour  foiling  wa- 
ter on  them  in  a  basin,  until  they  are  covered.  Drink 
ef  this  freshly  made  a  teacupfull  for  three  mornings 
in  succession.  Then,  every  other  morning  for  a  week 
or  ten  days.  After  which,  omit  it  for  nine  days,  then 
begin  anew  and  proceed  as  before.  It  will  usually  be 
found  to  succeed  after  me  second  course.  It  is  recom- 
mended by  Mr.  Merrick,  who  declares  that  he  has  de- 
rived a  permanent  cure  from  its  use. 


TOP  147 


TOP-DRESSING. 


TOP  dressings  are  used  with  advantage  for  grain, 
grass,  flax,  &c.  They  should  not  be  too  freely  given 
to  winter  grain  in  autumn  lest  they  unseasonably  pro- 
duce a  luxuriant  growth  at  a  time  when  it  exposes  the 
tender,  plants  to  be  the  more .  injured  by  frost.  It 
should  be  done  early  in  the  spring  when  the  land  is 
sufficiently  dry  to  bear  the  treading  of  horses,  without 
poaching ;  and  after  the  manure  has  been  applied  it  is 
generally  well  to  harrow  and  roll  it.  Soot,  ashes  and 
other  light  manures  are  thus  made  use  of. 

Mr.  Deane  makes  the  following  remarks  on  this  sub- 
ject. If  the  application  of  top  dressings  to  mowing 
ground  were  generally  practiced  in  this  country,  and 
yearly  repeated  as  it  ought  to  be  instead  of  the  gener- 
al, or  rather  universal  neglect  of  it,  it  would  put  anew 
face  upon  things.  A  vast  plenty  of  hay,  double  crops, 
two  cuttings  in  a  year,  and  much  increase  of  wealth 
to  farmers  in  general  would  soon  be  the  happy  con- 
sequences. 

Sir  John  Sinclair  recommends  top-dressing  the  grow- 
ing crop,  when  it  is  suspected  that  the  land  is  not  rich 
enough  to  bnng  a  full  crop  to  perfection,  and  says 
"this  should  be  done  early  in  the  spring,  when  the  land 
is  sufficiently  dry  to  bear  the  treading  of  a  horse  with- 
out poaching ;  and  after  the  manure  has  been  applied, 
the  land  should  generally  be  harrowed  or  rolled.  Soot, 
ashes,  and  other  light  manures,  are  thus  most  advanta* 
geously  made  use  of. 


148  TRE— T'UR 

TREES. 

New  method  of  inoculating  Trees. 

A  COMMON  method  of  inoculating  is  by  making  a 
transverse  section  in  the  back  of  the  stock,  and  a  per- 
pendicular slit  below  it ;  the  bud  is  then  pushed  down 
o  give  it  the  position  which  it  is  to  have.  This  meth- 
s  not  always  successful ;  it  is  better  to  reverse  it  by 
making  the  vertical  slit  above  the  transverse  section, 
End  pushing  the  bud  upwards  into  its  position,  a  meth- 
od which  rarely  fails  of  success ;  because  as  the  sap 
descends  by  the  bark  as  has  been  ascertained,  and  does 
not  ascend,  the  bud  thus  placed  above  the  transverse 
section,  receives  abundance,  but  when  placed  below, 
the  sap  cannot  reach  it. 

NeW'York  Evening  Post, 

tvrkies,  how  to  raise- 

r 

PLUNGE  the  young  chick  into  a  vessel  of  cold  wa- 
ter, the  hour,  or  if  that  cannot  be,  the  day  it  is  hatched. 
Force  it  to  swallow  one  whole  pepper  corn,  then  re- 
turn it  to  its  mother.  From  that  time  it  will  become 
hardy  and  not  fear  the  cold.  When  young  turkies  be- 
gin to  droop,  examine  carefully  the  feathers  on  their 
rumps,  and  you  will  find  two  or  three,  whose  quill  part 
is  filled  with  blood.  Upon  drawing'these  the  chick  re- 
covers, and  after  requires  no  more  care  than  is  bestow- 
ed on  any  other  poultry. 

•turnips. 

SOW  strong  house  or  wood  ashes  over  the  ground 
about  the  time  the  turnips  are  springing  up.  This 
will  cause  the  young  plants  to  grow  sooner  out  of  the 


V  I  N  HO 

way  of  insects,  produce  a  large  crop  and  make  the' 
turnips  be  sweet  and  palatable. 

To  preserve   Turnips  from  insects. 

1.  TO  each  quart  of  turnip-seed,  add  one  ounce  of 
brimstone  finely  powdered,  put  both  into  a  bottle, 
large  enough  to  afford  room  to  shake  them  well  to- 
gether every  day,  for  four  or  five  days,  previous  to 
sowing,  keeping  the  bottle  well  corked. 

2.  Take  such  a  quantity  of  elder  leaves,  as,  when 
bruised,  will  yield  juice  sufficient  to  cover  the  turnip 
seed  you  intend  to  sow,  in  which  let  it  soak  about  twelve 
hours ;  the  next  day  mix  it  with  the  bruised  leaves,  and 
sow  all  together. 

Turnip-seed  is  generally  covered  with  a  brush-har- 
row ;  take  elder  bushes  for  this  purpose ;  if  the  ber- 
rif  s  are  on,  the  effect  will  be  increased.  If  notwith- 
standing these  precautions  the  fly  should  attack  the 
young  plant,  draw  elder  bushes  gently  over  them. 

Turnips  sowed  upon  ground  where  a  crop  of  flax 
has  been  taken  off,  are  not  so  likely  to  be  injured  by 
the  fly;  it  is  also,  well  to  sow  turnips  while  it  rains, 
they  do  not  require  to  be  harrowed  in,  and  ,grow  so 
rapidlv,  as  soon   to  get   beyond   the  power  of  the 

fly- 


VINEGAR    OF    ROSES. 

THIS  fine  vinegar  is  made  by  putting  a  quantity  of 
fresh  rose  leaves  loosely  into  a  jar  or  bottle,  pouring 
upou  them  the  best  white  wine  vinegar  so  as  to  fill  it 
to  the  height  first  occupied  by  the  leaves,  if,  for  exam- 
ple the  jar  be  thus  apparently  filled,  there  will  be  still 
room  enough  for  the  proper  quantity  of  vinegar;  let 
O 


ISO  Vt#—  WAU 

jt  remain  for  two  or  three  weeks  in  the  sun  or  some 
other  warm  situation,  when  it  may  be  strained  off,  and 
passed  through  a  cotton  or  flannel  bag.  If  it  is  not  suf- 
ficiently fine,  after  having  been  strained,  to  put  up  in- 
to bottles,  it  is  to  be  cleared  in  the  usual  way,  either 
by  means  of  isinglass  or  a  little  alum-water.  It  is  com- 
monly kept  in  large  bottles ;  which  should  be  well 
corked  and  kept  in  a  dry  situation.  A  lump  of  refined 
sugar  should  be  put  into  each  bottle.  In  this  way  are 
also  to  be  made  vinegar  of  gilliflowers,  elder  flowers, 
&c.  &c. 


VINEGAR    OF    ORANGE    FLOWERS,    ELDER    FLOWERS,   MUSK, 
ROSES,   &C. 

DRY  an  ounce  of  either  of  the  above  flowers,  (ex- 
cept the  orange  flowers,  which  must  not  be  at  all  dri- 
ed) for  two  days  in  the  sun  ;  then,  putting  them  into  a 
bottle,  pour  on  them  a  pint  of  vinegar,  closely  stop  the 
bottle,  and  let  them  infuse  fifteen  days  in  the  heat  of 
the  sun.  Vinegars  of  other  flowers,  tarragon,  &c.  may 
be  made  in  a  similar  manner. 


WARTS   or   CORNS. 

LtGHT  a  brimstone  match,  and  let  a  few  drops  fall 
on  a  Wart  or  Corn,  and  it  will  be  removed  With  little 
pain. 

Another  Remedy. 

TAKE  the  inner  rind  of  a  lemon,  steep  it  for  four 
and  twenty  hours  in  distilled  vinegar,  and  apply  it  to 
the  warts.  It  must  not  be  left  on  the  part  above  three 
hours  at  a  time,  and  is  to  be  applied  afresh  every  day. 
Or  divide  a  red  onion,  and  rub  the  warts  well  with 
it?  or  am>oint  them  with   the    milky    juice   of  the 


W  E  E— W  E  N  lb\ 

herb  mercury  several  times,  and  they  will  gradually 
waste  away. 

Another. 

THE  juice  of  a  green  bean,  rubbed  upon  warts  it  is 
aaid  will  speedily  eradicate  them. 


WEEDS. 

WEEDS  are  deadly  foes  (o  the  farmer,  but  in  the 
compost  heap  they  become  friends.  They  should  be 
carefully  eradicated  and  deposited  in  the  compost  heap 
before  their  seeds  have  matured  lest  they  should  be 
propagated  by  scattering  the  manure  before  the  seeds 
have  become  completely  rotten. 


wen,  Indian  method  of  cure. 

FIRST,  take  a  pound  of  new  butter,  without  salt, 
lay  it  in  a  coal  oven;  get  a  bull-frog  without  hurting 
it,  says  the  Indian  ;  the  frog  must  be  alive ;  lay  the  frog 
with  the  back  down  in  the  butter;  bake  the  frog  until 
it  is  well  done  ;  take  it  out,  pour  off  the  butter  in  a  ves- 
sel and  annoint  the  wen  as  often  as  you  please  in  the 
course  of  a  day.  This  cure  has  been  tried  on  a  wen 
that  had  been  growing  for  thirty  years,  and  had  be- 
come quite  painful  with  an  itching.  It  ceased  the  first 
day  this  was  tried,  and  sunk  down  very  soon.  In  eight 
or  nine  months,  the  body  of  the  wen  was  squeezed  out 
without  pain.  The  patient  thinks  it  would  have  come 
out  much  sooner  but  she  neglected  it  as  it  did  not  hurt. 
The  application  produced  a  curious  sensation,  as  it 
was  searching  to  the  roots.  Any  person  thus  affected, 
need  not  hesitate  to  try  the  experiment  as  it  is  very 
simple.  Richmond  Compiler. 


152  W  H  E 


WHEAT. 


WHEAT  is  liable  to  a  great  number  of  diseases,  of 
which  smut  has  hitherto  proved  one  of  the  most  in- 
jurious. 

Smut,  however,  may  be  prevented  by  any  applica- 
tion, which  completely  frees  the  seed  of  smutty  pow- 
der (the  source  of  the  infection)  or  that  destroys  it  by 
acrid,  corrosive  or  poisonous  substances. 

In  steeping  or  washing  seed  wheat  as  a  remedy  for 
smut,  Sir  John  Sinclair  observes  "that  as  a  safeguard  it 
is  an  excellent  practice,  when  the  wheat  seed  is  first 
put  into  any  liquid,  to  run  it  very  gently  through  a  rid- 
dle, when  not  only  the  smut  balls,  but  the  imperfect 
grains,  and  the  seeds  of  weeds  will  float  and  may  be 
skimmed  off  at  pleasure,  which  is  not  the  case  when 
the  seed  is  put  hastily  into  the  water."  uPure  cold 
water  and  lime,"  observes  the  same  author,  "may  be 
effectual,  provided  the  seed  be  washed  in  several  wa- 
ters, repeatedly  changed,  until  it  be  perfectly  clean, 
and  then  dried  by  quick  lime,  slacked  either  with  sea, 
or  with  boiling  water."  He  recommends  salt  -water  as 
being  more  effectual  than  even  boiling  water  and  lime. 
The  water  should  be  so  impregnated  with  salt  that  an 
egg;  will  float  in  it,  or  if  sea  water  with  such  a  quantity 
of  salt  dissolved  in  it,  as  to  be  equally  strong,  by  which 
its  specific  gravity  will  be  so  increased  that  all  unsound 
grains  will  swim  in  the  pickle.  About  a  bushel  of 
wheat  at  a  time  is  put  into  a  sufficient  quantity  of  this 
pickle,  in  which  when  stirred  all  the  light  or  diseased 
grains  will  rise  to  the  top,  and  may  be  skimmed  off. 
The  seed  wheat  is  then  separated  from  the  pickle, 
spread  upon  the  floor,  and  a  sufficient  quantity  of  new 
slacked  lime  to  dry  the  whole  sifted  upon  it. 


W  H  K  153 

The  following  receipt  is  likewise  from  the  same  au- 
thor. Dissolve  three  ounces  of  blue  vitriol  in  three 
English  gallons  of  water  (wine  measure)  for  every 
three  bushels  of  grain  to  be  prepared.  Let  the  liquid 
be  put  into  a  vessel  capable  of  holding  from  sixty  lo 
eighty  gallons,  in  such  a  quantity,  that  when  three  or 
four  Winchester  bushels  of  wheat  shall  be  poured  into 
the  prepared  liquor,  it  will  rise  five  or  six  inches  above 
the  corn.  The  grain  should  be  frequently  stirred,  and 
all  that  swims  on  the  surface  carefully  removed.  Af- 
ter the  wheat  has  remained  half  an  hour  in  the  prepa- 
ration it  should  be  taken  out  of  the  vessel,  and  thrown 
into  a  basket,  which  shall  allow  the  water  but  not  the 
grain  to  escape.  It  should  then  be  immediately  wash- 
ed in  rain,  or  pure  water,  which  prevents  any  risk  of 
its  injuring  the  grain.  The  seed  ought  afterwards  to 
be  dried,  either  with  or  without  lime,  before  it  is 
Hown.  It  is  proper  to  observe  that  the  grain  should 
not  be  put  into  the  pr-  pared  liquor,  unless  it  has  been 
well  dressed,  and  in  thoroughly  dry.  It  may  be  kept 
without  injury.^^j   ^      >U<>*/-  - 

The  following  miscellaneous  particulars  respecting 
smut,  and  the  means  of  preventing  it  merit  attention. 
1.  The  same  water  should  never  be  used  but  once  in 
washing  wheat ;  even  when  brine  is  employed,  it  is 
safest  to  have  fresh  liquor  to  each  parcel.  2.  Lime  is 
not  only  of  service  to  dry  the  seed,  but  by  its  caustic 
and  antiseptic  qualities,  it  tends  to  destroy  putridity, 
and  animalcule  of  every  description.  3.  If  smutty 
grain  is  not  threshed  till  the  June  or  July  succeeding 
the  year  it  was  reaped,  the  dust,  it  is  said  will  become 
too  volatile  to  attach  itself  to  the  grain  when  threshed, 
particularly  by  a  mill ;  nor  is  old  seed  wheat  so  liable 
to  occasion  smut,  which  by  age  loses  the  power  of  re- 
production. 4.  Notwithstanding  the  violence  of  thresh- 
ing mills  they  do  not  bruise  the  smut  balls  so  much  as 
the  flail.  5.  Great  care  must  be  taken,  not  to  thresh 
wheat  on  a  floor  where  smutty  wheat  has  been  thrgrfi- 

o  ft 


15*  WHE 

ed,  nor  to  convey  the  seed,  in  a  sack  in  which  smutty 
wheat  had  been  formerly  put. 

On  the  subject  of  steeping  it  may  be  proper  to  add 
that  it  would  be  well  to  extend  that  operation  to  other 
grains  besides  wheat.  Every  sort  of  seed  should  be 
steeped  enough  to  promote  a  quick  vegetation,  and  to 
secure  a  more  uniform  growth,  which  would  greatly 
improve  both  the  quantity  and  quality  of  the  grain; 
and  if  the  seed  of  barley  and  oats,  as  well  as  of  wheat 
were  clothed  with  saline  and"caustic  particles,  it  would 
either  preserve  it  entirely  from  the  attacks  of  vermin, 
or  destroy  such  as  may  venture  to  eat  of  it. 

We  have  been  informed  that  unslacked  lime  answers 
an  excellent  purpose  for  preparing  wheat  for  seed. 
A  gentleman  states  that  he  put  about  4  or  5  pounds  of 
quick  lime  into  a  sufficient  quantity  of  water  to  soak  a 
bushel  of  wheat,  then  added  the  wheat,  and  permitted 
it  to  remain  about  twelve  hours.  The  lime  by  slack- 
ing raised  the  temperature  of  the  waiter  to  about  blood 
heat,  and  tnVwheaV became  soft'Sna*  parboiled.  On 
sowing  it,  however,  it  sprouted  much  sooner  than  usu- 
al, flourished  remarkably,  and  produced  an  excellent 
crop,  entirely  free  from  any  appearance  of  smut. 

The  following  has  been  recommended  by  a  farmer 
in  Vermont. 

"My  method  is  this— I  take  three  quarts  of  slacked 
lime  to  each  bushel  of  wheat,  put  them  into  a  barrel, 
a  layer  of  lime,  alternately.  Then  pour  in  water  till 
it  is- all  covered,  in  this  condition  let  it  stand  from 
two  to  four  d  ys,  as  the  case  mav  require;  and  the 
morning  jr're  sowing  the  wheat  tap  the  barrel  and 
draw  off  t'  e  liquor. 

In  pr  paring  wheat  for  grinding  it  is  often  made  too 
dry:  especially  after  it  has  been  washed  to  free  it  from 


WHE-WHO-WIN  155 

stnut  and  other  impurities.  When  the  wheat  is  dried 
too  much  the  outside  of  the  kernel,  which  should  be 
separated  from  the  flour  by  the  boult,  is  ground  so 
fine  that  it  parses  through  the  boult,  with  the  flour. 
An  experienced  m.ller  advises  to  moisten  wheat  which 
is  in  this  situation  by  sprinkling  it  vith  a  lktle  water 
about  10  or  \t  hours  before  grinding.  But  if  this  is 
neglected  a  slight  sprinkling  of  the  wheat  in  the  hop- 
per during  the  time  of  grinding  it  will  be  of  service  ; 
taking  care  not  to  wet  it  too  much,  and  by  stirring  the 
grain  to  distribute  the  moisture  as  equally  as  possible 
amon?  the  whole  mass. 


WHEEZING    IN    HORSES. 

TO  cure  this  disorder  let  the  horse  have  good  nou- 
rishment, much  corn  and  little  hay;  and  let  the  wa- 
ter given  him  evry  day  be  impregnated  with  half  an 
ounce  of  salt  petre,  and  two  drachms  of  Sal  Ammo- 
niac. 


WHOOPING-COUGH, 

SEE  "cough,"  page   37\ 

WIND-GALL?. 

ON"  the  first  appearance  of  wind-galls  their  cure 
inould  be  attempted  by  restringents  and  bandages,  for 
which  purposes  let  the  swelling  be  bathed  twice  a  day 
with  vinegar,  or  verjuice  alone,  or  let  the  jnrt  be  fer- 
mented with  a  decoction  of  oak  bark,  pomegranates 
and  alum  boiled  in  verjuice,  binding  ovarii  with  a  rol- 
ler, a  woollen  cloth,  soaked  in  the  same.  Some  fo  v  this 
purpose  use  red  wine  lees,  others  curriers'  shavings 


156  WIN 

wetted  with  the  same,  bracing  the  part  up  with  a  firm 
bandage. 

If  this  method,  after  proper  trial,  should  not  be  found 
to  succeed,  authors  have  advised  that  the  swelling  be 
pierced  with  an  awl,  or  opened  with  a  knife  ;  but  mild 
blistering  is  in  general  preferred  to  these  methods  ; 
the  included  fluids  being  thereby  drawn  off,  the  im- 
pacted air  dispersed,  and  the  tumour  gradually  dimin- 
ished. A  little  of  the  blistering  ointment  should  be 
laid  on  every  other  day  for  a  week,  which  brings  on  a 
plentiful  discharge,  but  generally  in  a  few  days  is  dried 
up,  when  the  horse  may  be  put  to  his  usual  work,  and 
the  blistering  ointment  renewed  in  that  manner  once  a 
month  or  oftener  as  the  horse  can  be  spared  from  bu- 
siness, till  the  cure  is  completed.  This  is  the  only 
method  to  prevent  scars,  which  firing  of  course  leaves 
behind  and  unless  skillfully  executed,  too  often  like- 
wise a  fulness  of  the  joint,  with  stiffness.  The  mild 
blistering  ointment,  where  the  sublimate  is  left  out  is 
the  properest  ior  this  purpose. 

Barthifs  Farriery  - 


WINE,    WHITE    CURRANT. 

BOIL  in  six  gallons  of  water  eighteen  pounds  of  ei- 
ther white  Havana  or  loaf  sugar,  for  half  an  hour,  care- 
fully taking  off  the  scum  as  it  rises,  and  pour  it  boiling 
hot  over  two  gallons  of  fine  large  white  currants,  pick- 
ed from  the  stalks,  but  not  bruised.  On  the  liquor's 
becoming  near  the  temperature  of  new  milk,  ferment 
it  with  some  good  ale  y est;  and  after  suffering  it  to 
work  for  two  days,  strain  it  through  a  flannel  bag  into  a 
barrel,  which  it  should  completely  fill,  with  half  an 
ounce  of  well  bruised  isinglass.  On  its  ceasing  to  fer- 
ment, immediately  bottle  it  off,  and  put  in  each  bottle  a 
lump  of  double  refined  sugar. 


W  O  0— W  0  R  157 


woo©,  new  mode  of  preserving. 

T\KE  three  parts  of  air  slacked  lime,  two  parts  of 
wood  asheg,  and  one  part  of  fine  sand  ;  sift  the  whole 
and  add  as  much  linseed  oil  as  will  be  necessary  to  form 
a  mass  which  can  be  laid  on  with  a  painter's  brush. 
To  make  this  mixture  perfect  and  more  durable,  it 
will  be  well  to  2frind  it  on  a  marble — Two  coats  of  it 
are  all  that  are  necessary;  the  first  should  be  rather 
Hght,  but  the  second  must  be  put  on  as  thick  as  the 
brush  will  permit.  This  composition  thus  prepared 
is  impenetrable  to  water;  resists  both  the  influence  of 
the  weather  and  the  action  of  the  sun,  which  hardens 
and  renders  it  more  durable.  The  government  of 
France  has  ordered  that  all  gun  carriages  should  be 
washed  with  this  composition. 


worms. 

DRESSINGS  of  sea  manure,  wetting-  the  ground 
with  sea  water,  soot,  lime  and  ashes  sprinkled  on  the 
ground,  the  refuse  brine  of  salted  meat,  waterin  which 
walnut  leaver  have  been  steeped  for  two  or  three 
week*  are  all  antidotes  to  the  ravages  of  worms.  Wa- 
ter in  which  fresh  co^  dung  has  been  steeped  it  is  said 
is  likewise  nseful  for  the  same  purpose.  Water  im- 
pregnated with  tar  or  turpentine  sprinkled  on  plants, 
would  probably  preserve  them  from  all  sorts  of  in- 
sects, as  they  are  known  to  have  a  great  aversion  to  all 
kinds  of  terebinthinate  substances.  Beds  in  gardens 
may  be  scalded  with  hot  water,  previous  to  seeds  be- 
ing sowed,  or  plants  set  out  in  them,  which  will  destroy 
worms  and  their  nits,  and  if  they  are  then  inclosed 
with  boards,  barks  or  any  thing  which  will  prevent 
the  access  of  worms  from  other  ground  the  plants  will 
be  secure.  The  ground  where  cabbage  plants,  or  any 
other  plants  are  set  may  be  previously  well  dug,  sift- 


158  WOR 

ed  and  examined,  the  worms  destroyed,  and  the  plants 
defended  by  slips  of  birch  bark,  or  little  wooden  frames, 
which  may  be  covered  over  the  top  with  gauze  to  pre- 
serve the  plants  from  flies.  It  is  said  that  the  water  in 
which  potatoes  have  been  boiled  will  destroy  worms 
and  other  insects. 

Indian  Corn  may  be  preserved  from  worms  by  soak- 
ing it  from  36  to  48  hours  in  a  solution  of  salt  and 
water  or  salt  petre. 


WORMS    IN    THE    HUMAN    SPECIES. 

TAKE  the  spiky  tops  of  wormwood,  the  flowers  of 
tansy,  and  the  root  of  wake-robbin,*  of  each  one  ounce  ; 
mix  and  pulverize.  Take  the  bright  scales  of  iron 
from  a  smith's  forge,  two  ounces,  and  white  chrystal 
glass,  one  ounce ;  mix,  and  make  them  into  a  moder- 
ately fine  powder,  hut  not  impalpable.  Then  mix  the 
whole  together  accurately  for  use.f  Dose  for  an  adult 
from  30  to  40  grains,  or  about  a  moderate  tea-spoonful 
in  molasses.  For  children,  the  dose  must  be  propor- 
tioned to  their  age. 

Directions. 

TAKE  a  dose  morning  and  night,  on  an  empty  sto- 
mach, for  three  days  ;  and  on  the  fourth,  purge  off  with 
jalap,  or  any  convenient  physic.  Repeat  the  course 
as  the  case  may  require.  One  and  two  courses  in  the 
common   worm   cases  will  suffice.     There  is  rarely 

*  Dragon  root,  as  it  is  sometimes  called. 

t  The  leaves  of  wormwood  and  tansy  will  answer  if  need 
be ;  and  instead  of  wake-robin,  the  bark  of  the  root  of  ?as- 
•afras. 


WOR—WOU— YEL  155 

occasion  for  more  than  three,  even  in  the  tape  worm, 
In  alterative  cases,  the  physic  should  be  omitted* 


WORMS   IN   THE    HEAt>   OP   SHEEP. 

THIS  complaint  makes  its  appearance  by  their  lop- 
ping their  ears,  shaking  their  heads,  stupidity  and  loss 
of  appetite,  which  at  length  ends  in  consumption  and 
death. 

Curt. 

FORCE  vinegar  by  a  squirt  gun  or  syringe  through 
the  nostrils  into  the  head  of  the  sheep  affected,  which 
will  produce  convulsions  and  sneezing  of  the  sheep  by 
Which  the  worms  will  be  discharged. 


wounds,  a  remedy  for,  and  preventative   of  the  Lock 
Jaw. 

TO  any  wound^  either  bruise  or  cut,  apply  lint  wet 
with  spirits  of  turpentine.  If  the  wound  should  be 
painful,  make  a  weak  lie$  by  putting  some  hot  embers 
into  water;  soak  the  part  in  it  ten  or  fifteen  minutes 
several  times  in  a  day;  keeping  it  about  blood  warm. 
If  this  does  not  remove  the  pain,  put  some  embers,  wet 
With  chamber-lie  into  a  thin  bag  and  place  it  on  the 
£art  affected. 


TfELLOWS. 

THIS  disease  in  horses  is  similar  to  the  Jaundice  in 
men  :  it  arises  from  obstructions  formed  in  the  biliary 
ducts,  which  prevents  the  bile  from  flowing  into  the 
circulation,  which  gives  that  yellow  appearance  in  the 


160  Y  E  L— Y  E  S 

white  of  the  eyes  and  urine,  and  a  sense  of  wearinesi 
to  the  limbs  in  the  animal  diseased. 

Cure. 

TAKE  aloes,  Venetian  soap  and  honey  equal  quanti- 
ties, to  be  made  into  pills,  and  let  half  an  ounce  be  giv- 
es daily  for  a  week.  If  this  does  not  effect  a  cure, 
steep  celandine  and  saffron  in  cider  to  be  given  one 
quart  a  day.  It  is  often  necessary  in  this  disease  to  let 
blood. 


YELLOW,    PATENT. 

PATENT  Yellow  is  composed  of  semi  vitrified 
oxvd  of  lead  (litharge)  and  muriate  of  ammonia  (sal 
ammoniac)  in  the  proportion  of  one  ounce  of  the  for- 
mer to  one  drachm  of  the  latter  submitted  in  the  forjfl 
of  a  powder  to  a  red  heat. 


test,  htm  made  -with  Peas  in  Persia* 

TAKE  a  small  teacup  or  wine  glass  full  of  split  Or 
bruised  peas,  pour  on  them  a  pint  of  boiling  water,  and 
set  the  whole  in  a  vessel  all  night  on  the  hearth,  or  in 
any  other  warm  place  ;  this  water  will  be  a  good  yeft, 
and  have  a  froth  on  its  top  the  next  morning.  In  this 
cold  climate,  especially  in  a  cold  season,  it  should  stand 
longer  to  ferment ;  perhaps  twenty-four  or/orty-eight 
hours,  and  the  quantity  of  peas  should  be  greater. — 
The  above  quantity,  says  Mr,  Faton,  made  for  me  as 
much  bread  as  a  half  quartern  loaf,  the  quality  of  which 
Was  very  good  and  light.  It  may  be  necessary  that  in 
this  country  in  winter  it  should  be  put  to  ferment  in  a 
cool  oven. 


THE  greater  pari  of  the  following  articles 
having  come  to  hand  since  the  preceding 
pages  were  printed^  we  have  thought  it  hesi 
to  place  them  in  an 

APPENDIX, 


•wwv*wvWfei 


apple  jelly,  for  preserving  Sweetmeats* 

PARE,  quarter  and  core  winter  pippins,  or  almost 
any  other  kind  of  apples,  and  put  them  into  a  stew  pan, 
with  water  barely  sufficient  to  cover  them.  When  the 
fruit  is  boiled  to  a  pap  add  a  quart  of  water,  boil  it  half 
an  hour  longer,  run  it  hot  through  a  flannel  bag,  put 
it  up  in  a  jar,  and  keep  it  corered  For  use.  A  little  lem- 
on peel,  boiled  with  the  apple,  and  a  pound  of  pow- 
dered loaf  sugar  added  to  each  pint  of  the  pulp,  and 
boiled  up,  will  make  a  very  good  apple  jelly  for  the 
table,  or  to  eat  with  cream. 


apples,  an  excellent  sirup  of. 

GRIND  a  quantity  of  sweet  apples,  those  for  exam- 
ple generally  known  by  the  different  names  of  sweet- 
ings. Express  the  juice  immediately  upon  their  being 
ground,  and  strain  it  as  clear  as  possible,  before  any 
fermentation  has  commenced.  Put  it  into  a  large 
boiler,  and  boil  it  down  to  a  sirup,  which  in  taste 
will  be  found  to  be  pleasanter  than  common 
West  India  molaises,  and  as  little  subject  to  ferments 
P 


162  APO— ASC— ASP 

lion.  Four  gallons  of  rich  sweet  apple  juice  will  yield 
one  of  sirup  ;  by  boiling  it  longer  and  reducing  the 
quantity,  it  may  be  made  of  any  consistence  required. 

APOPLEXY. 

A  LADY  about  40  years  of  age,  who  lived  at  the  cor- 
ner of  one  of  the  streets  in  Paris,  was  struck  early  in 
the  month  with  apoplexy.  M.  Valette,  the  physician 
was  called  in,  and  he  restored  her  instantly  to  life,  by 
bleeding  in  a  jugular  vein,  and  by  stimulating  the  blood 
to  flow  abundantly  by  the  application  of  a  common 
needle  to  the  exterior  part  of  the  vein  and  the  adjoin- 
ing nerves.  It  is  thus  shewn  that  the  mechanical  stim- 
ulant is  able  to  revive  nervous  sensibility,  and  by  crea- 
ting a  kind  of  peristaltic  motion  to  deduce  from  the 
arteries  a  great  quantity  of  blood. — There  is  also  ano- 
ther instance  of  the  efficacy  of  this  application  in  the 
case  of  a  M.  Chatelin,  a  linen  merchant,  who  had  also 
been  restored  to  existence  under  similar  circumstan- 
ces. It  is  trusted  that  this  discovery  will  be  generally 
beneficial. 

ascarides,  or  pin  worms,  to  remove  from  Children* 

MILK  one  gill,  Camphorated  spirits  one  drachm,  mix 
and  use  for  an  injection.     Or 

A  drachm  or  two  of  Camphor  may  be  dissolved  in 
half  a  pint  of  milk,  and  used  in  the  same  way.  Either 
of  these  will  seldom  fail. 

ASPARAGUS. 

TO  cultivate  Asparagus  in  the  best  manner,  open  s 
tfench,  three  feet  wide  and  twelve  inches  deep  If  it 
be  close  to  the  south  side  of  a  garden  wall  it  will  be 
up  the  earlier  in  the  spring  Fill  the  trench  half  full 
of  good  dung  ;  make  it  level,  and  sprinkle  a  little  rich 


AST  163 

earth  over  it,  and  lay  on  the  roots  in  their  natural  pos- 
ture ;  eight  or  nine  inches  apart.  Or,  if  you  cannot 
get  roots,  place  the  seeds  at  half  the  distance  from 
each  other.  Cover  them  by  filling  up  the  trench  with 
the  blackest  of  the  earth  which  was  taken  out.  If  you 
plant  root3,  the  shoots  may  be  cut  the  second  year  af- 
ter,;  if  seeds  they  will  not  be  fit  to  cut  till  the  third 
year.  All  the  shoots,  which  come  up  before  the  mid- 
dle of  June  may  be  cut  oft*  without  injury  to  the  roots: 
After  which  time  the  late  shoots  should  be  left  to  run 
up  and  seed ;  otherwise  the  roots  will  be  weakened. 
The  seeds  may  be  well  preserved  on  the  branches 
through  the  winter,  hung  up  in  a  dry  situation. 

"This  plant  grows  well  on  ground  that  is  shaded. 
The  plants  will  be  large  and  tender;  but  they  will  not 
be  so  early.  It  is  not  amiss  to  have  one  bed  in  a  shady 
place,  to  supply  the  table  after  the  season  is  over  for 
cutting  the  first.  In  autumn,  after  the  tops  are  become 
white  by  the  frost,  they  should  be  cleared  off,  and  a 
layer  of  dung,  or  rich  soil,  an  inch  thick  laid  over  the 
bed.  This  should  be  done  yearly,  and  the  bed  kept 
clear  of  weeds.  If  the  bed  should  be  too  high  by  this 
management,  the  suiface  may  be  taken  off  with  a  spade 
early  in  the  spring  to  the  depth  of  two  inches,  before 
the  young  shoots  are  in  the  way.  But,  when  this  is 
done,  a  thin  dressing  of  rotten  dung,  or  compost 
should  be  laid  on."  New- England  Farmer. 


ASTHMA. 

• 

SPIRITS  of  Tobacco  two  or  three  drops  in  a  spoon- 
ful of  water  gruel,  or  the  same  quantity  of  Skunk's 
mu*k,  on  sugar;  or  three  or  four  drops  of  Lobelia. 
Either  of  the  above  will,  generally,  give  immediate 
relief, 


164  BEE— BEV— BLA 


beef,  Receipt  for  Pickling  and  Curing. 

For  an  hundred  pounds  of  beef  take  sixteen  pounds 
©f  Bay  or  fine  Salt,  two  pounds  brown  Sugar,  four  and 
an  half  gallons  water  and  six  ounces  Salt  Petre. 

The  Salt,  Sugar,  and  Water  should  be  put  into  a 
brass  or  copper  kettle  over  a  fire.  Stir  the  salt  often, 
and  continue  stirring  it  until  the  Salt  has  all  dissolved, 
and  the  scum  done  rising.  Take  off  the  scum  as  it 
rises.  After  this  add  the  Salt  Petre.  Let  the  pickle 
stand  till  it  is  about  cold,  or  blood  warm.  Have  the 
beef  cut  in  smallish  pieces  and  packed  pretty  close, 
free  from  any  bloody  pieces.  Add  the  pickle,  and 
cover  it  tight  from  the  air.  Should  there  be  any  ap- 
pearance of  mould  on  the  surface  of  the  pickle,  at  any 
time,  add  a  handful  or  two  of  fresh  salt. 

BEVERAGE/or  a  weak  Constitution. 

BOIL  as  much  pearl  or  Scotch  barley,  in  pure  water? 
as  will  make  about  three  pints,  then  straining  it  off,  and 
having  in  the  mean  time  dissolved  an  ounce  of  gum 
arabic  in  a  little  water,  mix  them,  and  just  boil  the 
whole  up  together.  The  barley  water  need  not  be- 
thick,  as  the  gum  will  give  it  sufficient  consistence. 
When  used,  take  it  milk  warm,  the  good  effect  will 
soon  appear.  It  must  be  substituted  as  a  common 
beverage  in  place  of  beer,  ale,  &c.  at  meals. 

BLACK  BALL. 

TAKE  of  Bees  wax  and  Bayberry  tallow  equal  parts, 
of  Lamp  Black  and  Ivory  black  at  discretion.  Add  to 
every  six  pounds  of  the  composition  two  drachms  of 
Pearl  ash. 


H  L  A— B  R  E— B  R  U— B  U  L  I3tf 

blacking,  Shining  German. 

BREAK  a  cake  of  white  wax  into  small  pieces  and 
put  it  into  an  earthen  vessel.  Pour  over  it  as  much 
oil  of  turpentine  as  will  quite  cover  it,  and  leave  it  for 
twenty-four  hours  closely  covered  up,  in  this  time  the 
wax  will  be  dissolved  to  a  paste  ;  which  is  then  to  be 
mixed  with  as  much  real  ivory  black,  in  fine  powder 
as  it  is  necessary  to  give  the  whole  of  it  a  very  black 
colour.  When  it  is  wanted  for  use  take  a  little  of  it 
out  cu  the  point  of  a  knife,  and  rub  it  into  the  leather 
of  the  boots  or  shoes,  with  a  brush  which  will  leave 
the  wax  on  the  surface  of  the  leather  quite  firm, 
black  and  glossy.  Should  the  composition  get  dry,  it 
may  at  any  time  be  moistened  by  stirring  in  a  little 
fresh  oil  of  turpentine. 

breath,  shortness  of. 

MIX  three  quarters  of  an  ounce  of  finely  powdered 
Senna,  half  an  ounce  of  Sulphur,  and  a  quarter  of  ant 
ounce  of  pounded  Ginger  in  four  ounces  of  clarified 
Honey.  Take  the  bigness  of  a  nutmeg  every  night 
-and  morning  for  five  days  successively,  afterwards 
*mce  a  week  for  some  time,  and  finally  once  a  fortnght. 

BRUISE. 

IT  has  been  affirmed  that  common  salted  butter  is  ao 
excellent  application  for  a  bruise. 

BULL. 

A  BULL  may  be  first  used  at  fourteen  or  eighteen 
months.  He  then  shews  most  vigour,  and  more  ener- 
gy may  be  expected  in  his  produce.  At  two  or  three 
years  old,  they  frequently  become  ungovernable,  and 
are  killed.  Sir  John  Sinclair* 

p  £ 


166  BUN— BUR— C  A  K— CAN 

BUNKS. 

ONE  pint  of  Milk,  five  Eggs,  one  tea  cup  of  Sugar* 
four  table  Spoonfulls  of  yeast,  apiece  of  butter  as  big 
as  the  bowl  of  a  large  Spoon.  Thicken  with  flour  to  a 
batter  of  suitable  thickness. 

BURNS  AND  SCALDS. 

ANOINT  with  Lime  Water,  or  Proof  Spirit  and 
Lime  Water.  Then  coyer  the  part  with  a  soft  linnen 
rag,  and  cotton  wool. 

■BURNT   TONGUE,    BLACK    TONGUE,     OR     SCALDED    MOUTH   IN 
HORSES. 

WASH  and  cleanse  the  mouth  with  Sweet  Oil,  and 
get  into  the  horse  as  much  as  he  will  swallow,  not  ex- 
ceeding one  pint  ;  then  rub  the  throat  with  Spirits  of 
Turpentine,  Sweet  Oil  and  Camphor,  equal  quantities, 
and  well  mixed. 

The  gentleman,  who  has  furnished  the  above  has  had 
a  number  of  horses  in  his  stable  sick  with  the  above 
distemper,  and  after  trying  the  various  recipes  has 
found  this  to  be  the  most  efficacious. 

Salem  Gazette, 

CAKE,  SPONGE 

TAKE  ten  eggs,  one  pound  of  Sugar,  one  half  pound 
of  flour,  beat  the  yolks,  sugar  and  flour  together. 

CANCER. 

TAKE  leave*  of  Plantain  and  White  Hoarhound, 
boil  it  in  white  wine— add  a  little  salt,  wash  three  or 
four  times  a  day; 


CAN— CAT— CH  A  167 

Take  snails,  or  earthworms.  Bake  them,  and  you 
obtain  an  ointment.  Use  it  three  or  four  times  a  day. 
To  ease  the  pain  apply  fresh  meat. 

cancers,  a  Beer  for. 

T>KE  Sarsaparilla  roots,  the  tops  and  roots  of  the 
Whortle  berry  bush,  and  Hop  roots,  of  each  one  pound ; 
Blood  root  and  Unicorn  root,  of  each  three  ounces  ; 
Barley  malt,  half  a  peck.  Make  of  these  ingredients 
seven  gallons  of  beer.  Dose,  from  half  a  gill  to  a 
whole  one  three  times  a  day. 

caterpillars,  lest  mode  »f  destroying. 

TAKE  a  long  pele  with  a  sponge  at  the  end  of  it. 
Dip  this  sponge  in  spirits  of  turpentine,  and  touch  it 
thus  charged  to  the  nest.  A  small  quantity  of  this  pun- 
gent substance  will  diffuse  itself  over  a  large  nest  and 
destroy  a  great  number  of  these  troublesome  and  nau- 
seous insects. 


CATHARTIC  PILL,  MILD. 

MANDRAKE  root,  finely  powdered,  Extract  of 
Butternut  bark  of  each  equal  quantities  ;  beat  into  a 
ma>3  with  a  solution  of  Gum  Arabic,  and  make  it  into 
pills  of  a  moderate  size  ;  from  two  to  six  will  operate 
gently  as  physic.  The  extract  of  butternut  is  prepar- 
ed by  evaporating  the  water  in  which  the  bark  has 
been  boiled  to  a  consistence  fit  for  makiDg  pills,  taking 
care  not  to  burn  it. 

CHANGE    OF    SEEDS. 

THOSE  plants,  which  are  the  natural  growth  of  a 
country  are  not  so  liable  to  grow  worse.  The  best 
countries  and  soils  to  procure  seeds  from  for  sowing  are 
those,  to  which  they  are  natural.     Those  seeds  which 


168  CHE 

are  so  quick  in  their  growth  that  their  plants  come  to 
maturity  early  will  answer  well,  when  carried  from  a 
southern  to  a  northern  climate,  such  as  flax,  turnips, 
&c.  But  Indian  corn,  it  is  said,  will  not  answer,  if  car- 
ried far  north  or  south  of  its  native  place.  1  have 
known,  says  Mr.  Deane,  seed  of  Indian  corn  carried 
as  much  as  two  whole  degrees  south  from  its  native 
place,  which  was  so  much  scorched  by  the  greater  heat 
of  the  sun  as  to  produce  little  or  nothing.  And  it  is  a 
fact  well  known  that  the  species  of  maize,  called  Vir- 
ginia com,  will  not  come  to  maturity  in  New-England. 

An  English  writer  observes  that  the  practice  of 
changing  seeds  is  of  little  service,  and  recommends  to 
cultivators,  a  few  days  before  harvest  to  walk  through 
their  fields  and  gather  the  prime  samples  of  every 
species  of  seed,  and  ever  afterwards  to  continue  the 
same  practice,  by  repeating  the  operation  of  collect- 
ing the  most  perfect  grain  from  the  crops  produced  by 
such  selected  seed.  The  same  observations  apply  to 
every  variety  of  cultivated  crops. 

It  may,  however,  sometimes  prove  useful  to  sow 
early  seeds  on  cold  backward  lands,  and  the  later  sorts 
on  dry  and  warm  soils. 

chkese  sage,  best  method  of  making. 

TAKE  the  tops  of  young  red  sage,  and  having 
pressed  the  juice  from  them  by  beating  in  a  mortar  j 
do  the  same  with  the  leaves  of  spinach,  and  then  Aix 
the  two  juices  together.  After  putting  the  rennet  to 
the  milk,  pour  in  some  of  this  juice,  regulating  the 
quantify  by  the  degree  of  colour  and  taste  it  is  intend- 
ed to  give  to  the  cheese.  As  the  curd  appears  break 
it  gently,  and  in  an  equal  manner;  then  emptying  it 
into  the  cheese  yat,  let  it  be  a  little  pressed  m  order 
to  make  it  mellow.  Having  stood  for  about  seven 
fcours,  salt  and  turn  it  daily  for  four  or  five  weeks,  whet* 


cho— cox— coo  m 

it  will  be  fit  to  eat.  The  spinach,  besides  improving 
the  flavour  and  correcting  the  bitterness  of  the  sage, 
will  give  it  a  much  finer  colour  than  can  be  obtained 
from  sage  alone. 

CHOLERA  MORBUS. 

TAKE  a  little  fresh  lime  juice,  loaf  sugar,  and  rum 
or  brandy,  (the  latter  is  best.)  Put  them  into  a  vessel, 
pour  on  them  boiling  water,  and  give  a  spoonful  as  hot 
as  possible  after  each  turn  of  puking. 

cold  watbr,  how  to  prevent  the  bad  effects  of  drinking 
Cold  Water,  or  Cold  liquors  of  any  kind  in  warm 
weather. 

1.  Avoid  drinking  whilst  you  are  warm  -y  or 

2.  Drink  only  a  small  quantity  at  once,  and  let  it 
remain  only  a  short  time  in  your  mouth  before  you 
swallow  it ;  or 

3.  Wash  your  hands  and  face  and  rinse  your  mouth 
with  cold  water  before  you  drink.  If  these  precau- 
tions have  been  neglected,  and  the  disorder  incident  to 
drinking  cold  water  has  be^n  produced,  the  first,  and 
in  most  instances,  the  only  remedy  to  be  administered 
is  sixty  drops  of  liquid  laudanum,  in  spirit  and  water,  or 
warm  drink  of  any  kind. 

When  laudanum  cannot  be  obtained,  rum  and  water 
should  be  given.  Vomits  and  bleeding  should  not  be 
nsed  without  consulting  a  physician. 

COOKIES. 

BEAT  eight  ounces  of  butter,  and  mix  with  two 
well  beaten  eggs,  eight  ounces  of  dried  flour,  and  the 
same  of  lump  sugar,  and  a  grated  rind  of  lemon  peel, 


no  C  OS— C  0  T— C  0  U— C  0  VY 

Add  the  whole  together,  and  beat  half  an  hour  with  a 
silver  spoon.  Butter  small  pans  and  half  fill  them. 
Bake  20  minutes  in  a  quick  oven. 

cosmetic,  elegant.    From  a  London  Publication, 

TAKE  a  pound  of  white  soft  soap  and  two  ounces  of 
Spermaceti  pounded,  and  a  quarter  of  an  ounce  of 
pounded  camphor,  two  table  spoonfulls  of  sweet  oil, 
three  of  the  best  brandy,  and  a  tea  cup  full  white 
sand.  Dissolve  and  mix  the  whole  over  the  fire,  and 
when  nearly  cold,  suit  it  to  your  taste  with  essence  of 
bergamot,  lavender  or  other  perfume. 

ootton,  how  dyed  with  Madder,  as  practiced  in  Smyrna* 
From  Mr.  Eaton. 

BOIL  the  cotton  in  common  olive  oil,  or  in  some 
other  pure  vegetable  oil,  and  afterwards  in  mild  alkali, 
when  it  is  thus  cleansed,  it  will-  take  the  madder  die  ; 
and  this  is  the  fine  colour  which  is  so  much  admired  in 
the  Smyrna  cotton  yarn. 

sough  and  protracted  coLD,w^e7i  no  symptoms  ofmfiam* 
motion  are  present. 

BLOOD  Root,  Extract  of  Liquorice,  Anniseed,  of 
each  one  ounce  ;  pulverize  them,  and  put  them  into  a 
quart  of  water.  Simmer  to  one  pint,  then  strain  and 
add  four  ounces  of  honey,  and  one  half  pint  of  old  rum. 
Of  this  take  a  table  spoonful  three  or  four  times  a 
day. 

cow. 

THE  principal  distinguishing  marks  of  a  good  Cow 
are  said  to  he  these  :  wide  horns,  a  thin  head  and  neck, 
dew  lap  large,  full  breast,  broad  back,  large  deep  bel- 
ly ;  the  udder  capacious  but  not  too  fleshy;  the  mileh 


I 


cub  m 

•ye  ins  prominent,  and  the  bag  tending  far  behind ;  teats 
Ion?  and  large ;  buttocks  broad  and  fleshy  ;  tail  long 
pliable  and  small  in  proportion  to  the  size  of  the 
the  carcase,  and  the  joints  short.  To  these  outward 
marks  may  be  added  a  gentle  disposition,  a  temper  free 
from  any  vicious  tricks,  and  perfectly  manageable  on 
every  occasion.  On  the  other  hand,  a  cow  with  a 
thick  head  and  short  neck,  prominent  back  bone,  slen* 
der  chest,  belly  tacked  up,  small  udder,  or  a  fleshy  bag 
short  teats,  and  thin  buttocks  is  to  be  avoided,  as  total- 
ly unfit  for  the  purposes  either  of  the  dairy,  the 
suckler  or  the  grazier." 

The  milch  cow  is  generally  in  her  prime  at  five 
years  old,  and  will  continue  in  a  good  milking  state  till 
ten  years  of  age  or  upwards.  Cows  should  be  milked 
regularly,  morning  and  evening,  and  always  as  nearly 
at  the  same  hours  as  may  be.  Some  have  recommen- 
ded milking  them  three  times  a  day,  at  five,  one  and 
eight  •,  and  it  is  said  if  they  are  full  fed  they  will  give 
half  as  much  again  milk  if  milked  thrice  as  if  only 
twice  a  day.  Those  farmers  who  would  make  the 
most  of  their  cows  should  provide  a  bull  to  run  in  the 
herd. 

"If  the  cleaning  of  a  cow,  after  calving,  be  delayed, 
it  may  be  promoted  by  giving  her  a  pail  of  warm  water, 
with  some  ashes  in  it."* 

<wd  lost  by  an  ox  or  cow,  Remedy  for. 

MIX  together  an  equal  quantity  of  sour  leaven  ana* 
common  salt,  then  add  a  piece  of  loam  or  brick  clay, 
jqual  in  weight  to  the  whole  :  break  and  mix  all  these 
well  together,  and  then  add  as  much  urine  as  will 
serve  to  beat  it  up  into  a  paste.  Make  this  into  two 
or  three  balls  as  big  as  the  creature  can  swallow,  force 

*Rees*  Cyclopaedia. 


m  CUS-D.RG-DYS 

one  of  these  down  his  throat  every  three  days  and  it  is 
said  it  will  effect  a  cure. 

custard,  cheap  and  excellent. 

BOIL,  in  a  quart  of  milk,  a  little  lemon  peel,  a  small 
stick  of  cinnamon,  and  a  couple  of  peach  leaves ; 
sweeten  it  with  a  few  lumps  of  sugar,  and  rubbing 
down  smoothly  two  table-spoonfulls  of  rice  flour  in  a 
small  basin  of  cold  milk,  mix  it  with  the  beaten  yolk  of 
a  single  egg,  then  take  a  basin  of  boiling  milk,  and 
well  mixing  it  with  the  contents  of  the  other  basin, 
pour  the  whole  into  the  remainder  of  the  boiling  milk, 
and  keep  stirring  it  all  one  way  till  it  begins  to  thicken, 
and  is  about  to  boil ;  it  must  then  instantly  be  taken  off 
and  put  into  a  pan,  stirred  a  little  together,  and  it  may 
be  served  up  either  together  in  a  dish,  or  in  custard 
cups  to  be  eaten  hot  or  cold. 

rmorsY. 

PYROLA  tfmbellata,  "Winter  Green,  or  Pipsissiwa 
bas  been  found  useful  in  dropsical  cases.  A  table 
spoonful  of  a  strong  infusion  of  the  herb  is  to  be  taken 
every  hour,  with  a  little  sirup.  In  disorders  of  the  kid- 
nies  it  has  been  found  serviceable.  Its  efficacy  in  can* 
cer  has  by  some  been  questioned. 

DYSENTERY. 

TAKE  a  quantity  of  black  elder  berries,  when  per- 
fectly ripe  ;  press  the  juice  ;  set  it  over  a  slow  fire; 
add  as  much  brown  sugar  as  will  make  it  palatable,  let 
it  simmer  until  it  becomes  a  thin  sirup.  Theu  add 
one  third  the  quantity  of  brandy,  and  co~k  it  up  for  use. 
A  wine  glass  full  is  the  dose  for  a  grown  person,  and 
in  the  same  proportion  for  a  cmid  It  may  be  taken 
three  or  four  times  a  day.  Thi9  medicine  ha-;  proved 
efficacious  in  many  cases,  when  almost  every  thing  else 
had  failed. 


EYE-FEL— FLA  r/S 

eyes  inflamed,  a  Collyrium  for* 

WHITE  Vitriol  12  grains,  Sugar  of  Lead  16  grains, 
water  8  ounces.  Mix,  and  when  the  white  powder 
has  settled  to  the  bottom,  carefully  decant  so  that  no 
particle  of  the  sediment  may  remain  in  the  collyrium, 

fellon,  cure  for. 

TAKE  a  piece  of  rock  salt  about  the  size  of  a  but* 
ternut  or  English  walnut,  and  wrap  it  up  closely  in  a 
green  cabbage  leaf,  but  if  not  to  be  had,  in  a  piece  of 
brown  paper  well  moistened  with  water.  Lay  it  on 
embers,  and  cover  it  up  so  as  to  roast ;  when  it  has 
been  about  twenty  minutes  take  it  out  and  powder  it  as 
fine  as  possible.  Then  take  some  ha*d  soap  and  mix 
the  powdered  salt  with  it  so  as  to  make  a  salve.  If 
the  soap  should  contain  but  little  turpentine,  which 
its  smell  will  determine,  add  some  more,  but  if  it  smells 
pretty  strongly  of  it  none  need  be  added.  Apply  the 
salve  to  the  part  affected,  and  in  a  short  time  it  will 
totally  destroy  it  and  remove  the  pain. 

flax,  how  to  dress  to  look  like  Silk. 

TAKE  one  part  lime,  and  between  two  and  three 
parts  of  wood  ashes ;  pour  over  them  a  due  proportion, 
of  water  to  make  a  strong  lie,  after  they  have  stood  to- 
gether all  night,  which  must  be  poured  off  when 
quite  clear.  Tie  handfulls  of  Flax  at  both  ends  to  pre- 
vent its  entangling,  but  let  the  middle  of  each  be  spread 
open,  and  put  into  a  kettle,  on  this  bottom  of  which 
has  been  first  placed  a  little  straw  with  a  cloth  over  it, 
then  put  another  cloth  over  the  flax,  and  so  continue 
covering  each  layer  of  flax  with  a  layer  of  cloth  till 
the  kettle  is  nearly  full.  Pour  over  the  whole  the 
clear  lie  and  after  boiling  it  for  some  hours,  take  it  out, 
and  throw  it  in  cold  water.  This  boiling  &c.  may  be 
repeated  if  requisite.    'The  flax  must  be  each  time  dri- 


;74  FRU 

ed,  hackled,  beaten  and  rubbed  fine ;  and  at  last,  <i; 
sed  through  a  large  comb,  and  through  a  very  fine  one. 
By  this  process  the  flax  acquires  a  bright  and  soft 
thread.  The  tow  which  is  ofi^  when  papered  up  and 
combed  like  cotton,  is  not  only  used  for  many  of  the 
same  purposes,  but  makes  lint  for  veterinary  surgeons, 

fruit  trees,  how  forced  to  bear. 

WITH  a  sharp  knife  cut  the  bark  of  the  branch 
which  you  mean  to  force  to  bear,  not  far  from  the  place 
where  it  is  connected  with  the  stem;  or  if  a  small 
branch  or  shoot,  near  where  it  is  joined  with  the  lar- 
ger bough ;  the  cut  is  to  be  made  round  the  branch 
so  as  to  encircle  it,  and  penetrate  to  the  wood.  A  quar- 
ter of  an  inch  from  the  first  cut,  make  a  second  cut  like 
the  first,  so  that  by  both  encircling  the  branch,  you 
have  marked  a  ring  upon  the  branch  a  quarter  of  an 
inch  broad  between  the  two  cuts — then  with  a  knife 
separate  the  bark  from  the  wood,  removing  even  the 
fine  inner  bark  which  lies  immediately  upon  the  wood, 
so  that  ho  connexion  whatever  remains  between  the 
two  parts  of  the  bark,  leaving  the  wood  naked,  white 
and  smooth. 

This  operation  must  be  performed  when  the  buds 
are  strongly  swelling,  or  breaking  out  into  blossoms  ; 
the  same  year  a  callous  is  formed  on  at  each  edge  of 
the  ring,  and  the  bark  is  again  restored  without  detri- 
ment to  the  tree  or  the  branch  operated  upon. 

This  operation  seems  calculated  to  force  those  trees 
to  bear,  which  put  out  a  proportion  of  blossoms,  and 
yet  bear  no  fruit ;  or  if  they  bear,  the  fruit  ofteh  drops 
Jrom  the  tree  before  ripe.  The  fruit  from  trees  so 
operated  upon  will  be  larger,  more  fair,  and  ripe  seve- 
ral weeks  earlier  than  the  other  fruit  upon  the  same 
tree.    It  is  well  known  to  botanists  that  the  sap  ascends 


G  I  N— G  R  A— G  R  E— I  N  F  175 

in  the  wood,  but  descends  by  the  bark  :  and  the  above 
operation  prevents  its  return. 

GINGER  BREAD,  Molasses. 

TWO  pounds  of  flour,  four  ounces  of  Butter,  two 
ounces  of  Ginger,  a  tea-cup  full  of  Cream,  a  tea-spoon- 
ful of  Pearl  ash,  and  one  pint  Molasses,  Spice  to  your 
taste,  and  knead  it  till  very  light. 

ginger  bread,  Sugar. 

THREE  pounds  of  *FIour,  a  grated  Nutmeg,  two 
ounces  of  Ginger,  one  pound  sugar,  two  spoonfuls  of 
pearl  ash,  dissolved  in  cream,  one  pound  butter,  four 
?ggs.     Let  it  be  kneaded  stiff. 

grafe  vines. 

A  POTATOE,  placed  upon  the  ends  of  such  vines 
4S  have  been  cut,  will  effectually  check  their  bleeding. 

green  dp.essing. 

BUCK-WHEAT,  rye,  pease  or  oats  may  be  sowed 
in  the  spring,  and  in  June  ploughed  in,  when  they  are 
fullest  of  sap,  and  most  easily  rotted.  The  ground 
should  be  again  ploughed  in  the  fall,  sowed  with  winter 
grain  and  well  harrowed. 

Where  a  green  crop  is  thus  ploughed  in,  it  has  been 
recommended  to  pass  a  roller  over  it,  which  lays  it  flat 
in  the  same  direction  in  which  the  plough  is  to  pass. 

infected  air,  how  purified,  and  the  smell  occasioned  by 
a  dead  rat  or  other  animal  removed. 

TAKE  a  small  earthen  vessel  or  gallipot,  into  which 
p«t  a  little  salt  petre,  more  or  less  according  to  the  siza 


176  INK— IT  C 

of  the  room ;  pour  upon  this  a  sufficient  quantity  of  the 
oil  of  vitriol  so  as  completely  to  saturate  it,  and  shut 
the  room  up  closely  for  an  hour,  in  which  time  it  will 
be  found  to  be  perfectly  free  from  the  offensive 
smell. 

INK. 

NUTGALLS,  in  powder  4  ounces,  Logwood  2  oun- 
ces.  These  are  to  be  boiled  for  an  hour  in  six  pounds, 
(three  quarts)  of  water,  or  until  one  half  is  evaporated* 
It  is  then  percolated  through  a  hair  sieve,  and  to  the 
liquid  are  added,  copperas  2  ounces,  gum  Arabic  half 
an  ounce,  Blue  Vitriol  half  an  ounce,  Sugar  Candy  half 
an  ounce.  It  should  be  sufficiently  warmed  to  dissolve 
these  ingredients.  It  is  then  to  be  well  stirred,  and 
suffered  to  stand  24  hours.  It  is  then  poured  from  the 
sediment,  and  should  be  preserved  in  well  stopped 
glass  or  stone  jars. 

It  is  fit  for  immediate  use.  This  composition  was 
the  formation  of  Mr.  Kibancourt.  It  is  unquestionably 
the  best  writing  ink  in  use.  Br.  Cox  of  Philadelphia 
says  he  has  tried  a  great  variety  of  recipes  for  the  for- 
mation of  ink,  and  has  found  none  equal  to  this. 

ITCH    OINTMENT. 

HOGS'  fat  or  fresh  butter  one  pound.  Salt,  black 
pepper,  ginger,  and  proof  spirit  of  each  one  ounce. 
Let  those  which  require  pulverizing  be  finely  powder- 
ed. Then  mix  the  ingredients  and  simmer  them  over 
a  slow  fire  one  hour.  Remove  it  and  let  it  cool,  so  that 
no  scent  will  be  produced  by  the  addition  of  flour  of 
sulphur,  of  which  add  one  half  ounce,  and  spiritsof  tur* 
pentine  about  two  common  table  spoonfulls.  It  should 
be  constantly  stirred  until  it  cools.  One  ounce  of  this 
ointment  is  sufficient  to  cure  a  person.  On  commenc- 
ing the  use  of  it  the  clothes  should  be  changed,  and  a 


JAU-MOT  177 

little  sulphur  be  taken  daily.  A  little  of  the  ointment 
should  be  rubbed  on  where  there  are  pimples  (without 
any  roasting)  every  night,  for  about  a  week,  when  the 
itch  will  be  cured.  In  the  preparation  of  this  oint- 
ment, if  table  spoonfulls  be  used,  in  lieu  of  ounces,  it 
will  answer  every  purpose. 

This  ointment  is  to  be  preferred  to  most  others  into 
which  sulphur  enters,  because  it  produces  little  or  no 
sulphurous  scent,  and  compared  with  mercurial  oint- 
ments of  every  kind  it  is  equally  certain  ;  and,  it  is  fiee 
from  every  danger,  which  is  always  great  in  the  use 
of  those  ointments, 

Another, 

TAKE  Hog's  Lard  and  Sulphuric  Acid,  and  simmer 
them  together.     Also, 

Poke  root  and  Hog's  Lard. 

jaundice,  Cathartic  sirup  for. 

White  Ash  Bark,  Black  Cherry  Tree  Bark,  Butter- 
nut Tree  Bark,  White  Poplar  Bark,  of  each  one  pound. 
Let  them  be  finely  cut  into  chips,  and  put  into  three 
gallons  of  water  ;  boil  till  one  half  is  evaporated. 
Strain  and  simmer  till  there  remains  only  one  quart. 
Then  add  of  proof  Spirits  and  Molasses  of  each  one 
half  pint.  Take  from  a  table  spoonful  to  a  glass  two 
or  three  times  a  day  or  sufficient  to  keep  the  bowels 
open. 

MOTHS. 

TO  prevent  moths  from  attacking  woolen  clothes, 
or  worms  from  destroying  books,  place  in  the  drawers 
or  corners  of  the  shelves  some  of  the  roots  or  blade  of 
of  the  Sweet  Flag.    A  decoction  of  the  same  will  pre- 

Q2 


178  0  IN— PAN 

vent  their  attacking  buffalo  skins,  by  sprinkling  it  over 
them.  This  is  not  only  effectual  for  the  above  men- 
tioned purposes,  but  is  a  pleasant  aromatic. 

OINTMENT    FOR    ULCERS,    OR    OLD    SORES. 

RESIN"  and  Hogs  Fat  of  each  one  ounce,  Verdigris 
finely  powdered  one  ounce.  Simmer  over  a  slow  fire 
till  the  resin  and  the  lard  be  melted^  Then  add  the 
verdigris,  and  gently  stir  till  it  cools. 

This  ointment  has  been  found  useful  in  -indolent 
sores  of  all  kinds.  When  melted  a  little  of  it  should 
be  poured  into  the  sore,  and  a  salve,  made  as  follows 
be  spread  and  laid  overit. 

Hogs  Fat,  Bees  Wax,  Resin,  Bay  berry  Wax,  of  each 
one  pound.  Melt  them  together,  and  set  aside  for  use, 
Both  the  salve,  and  the  ointment  ought  to  be  prepared 
in  earthen  vessels. 

OINTMENT  FOR  WEAK  JOINTS, 

BOIL  together  White  Oak  and  Sweet  Apple  Tree 
bark  till  you  obtain  an  extract,  and  spread  a  plaster  of 
it,  and  wear  on  the  part  affected; 

PANADA, 

BOIL  for  not  more  than  two  minutes  some  slices  or 
crumbs  of  bread,  with  a  blade  of  mace  in  a  quart  of 
water;  then  taking  out  the  bread,  and  finely  bruising 
it  in  a  basin,  mix  as  much  water  as  will  make  it  a  prop- 
er consistence.  Put  in  a  bit  of  fresh  butter,  grate  a 
little  nutmeg,  and  sweeten  it  to  the  palate.  If  wine 
be  required,  though  it  is  much  best  without,  by  no 
means  boil  it  with  the  water  and  bread.  This  is  a  del- 
icate diet  for  a  weak  stomach. 


p  i  l— p  l  u— p  o  r— p  u  d         m 

piles,  ointment  for, 

TAKE  Nutgalls  finely  powdered,  and  Hog's  Lard, 
and  stir  them  together  when  the  lard  is  cooling  or 
nearly  cold ;  or 

Take  the  inner  bark  of  the  sweet  elder,  and  simmer 
it  with  fresh  butter.     Use  it  night  and  morning. 

PLUM- CAKE. 

MIX  ten  ounces  of  butter  in  six  pounds  of  dry  flour 
and  ten  ounces  of  Sugar,  twelve  of  Currants,  and  five 
of  powdered  Pimento.  Six  spoonfulls  of  yeast  lo  a  pint 
of  milk  warmed. 

poisons.     Remedy  for. 

SPRINKLE  flour  over  the  part  and  cover  it  with 
green  leaves. 

pudding,  Boiled  Bread. 

GRATE  with  bread,  pour  boiling  milk  over  it,  and 
cover  close.  When  soaked  an  hour  or  two  beat  it 
fine  and  mix  it  with  two  or  three  eggs  well  beaten-. 
Put  it  into  a  basin  that  will  just  hold  it ;  tie  a  floured 
cloth  over  it,  and  put  it  into  boiling  water.  Serve  it 
up  with  melted  butter  poured  aver  it.  It  may  be 
eaten  with  salt  or  sugar. 

pudding,  Yorkshire. 

MIX  five  spoonsfnll  of  flour  with  one  quart  of 
milk  and  three  eggs,  well  beaten,  Butter  the  pan  and 
bake  it. 


180     P  U  D—R  A  T— R  H  E— R  I  N— R  0  L 

PUDDING,    BAKED    APPLE. 

Pare  and  quarter  4  large  apples  ;  boil  them  tender, 
with  the  rind  of  a  lemon,  in  so  little  water,  that  when 
done,  none  may  remain ;  beat  them  fine,  add  the 
crumbs  of  a  small  roll,  4  ounces  of  butter,  melted,  the 
yolks  of  five,  and  the  whites  of  three  eggs,  the  juice  of 
one  half  a  lemon,  and  sugar  to  your  taste.  Break  all 
together,  and  lay  it  in  a  dish  to  turn  out. 

RATTLES  Of  CROUP. 

OIL  of  Olives  and  Honey,  of  each  hah*  an  ounce 
Urine  one  and  an  half  ounce,  Vinegar  two  drachms. 
Warm  so  as  to  melt  the  honey,  and  stir  it  well  when 
given.     Dose,  a  spoonful  once  in  an  hour  or  two. 

rheumatism,  Chronic. 

TAKE  Spirits  of  Turpentine,  and  Sal  Ammoniac, 
and  rub  on  the  pained  part,  till  a  burning  sensation  is 
produced.  Then  cover  the  part  with  flannels,  or 
some  moist  leaf  as  burdock,  &c. 

ring  worms.    Cure  for. 

TAKE  white  vitriol  10  grains.  Put  it  in  an  ounce 
of  water,  and  an  ounce  of  laudanum.  Wash  the  part 
frequently. 

rolls,  good  and  easy  method  of  making. 

TAKE  a  quart  of  flour,  three  table  spoonfulls  of 
yest,  a  bit  of  butter  the  size  of  a  large  walnut,  as  much 
warm  water  as  will  wet  the  flour,  a  little  salt,  and  an 
egg.  Mix  the  whole  up  light,  make  it  in  rolls,  put 
them  in  tins,  place  the  tins  before  the  fire  for  the  rolls 
to  raise  a  little,  then  put  them  in  the  oven3  and  be  care 
ful  not  to  burn  them  black. 


3  H  A— S  H  E— S  0.  A— S  P  E  181 

shad,  to  fry  without  Butter  or  Lard. 

FIRST  warm  your  pan,  then  lay  in  the  fen  (after 
wiping  it  with  a  cloth)  with  the  skin  downward  over  a 
moderate  fire — it  will  give  out  sufficient  fat  to  fry 
itself.  Shad,  cooked  in  this  manner,  eats  much  better 
than  in  the  common  way. 

sheep,  the  Foot  rot  in.  Cure  for, 

PARE  the  hoofs  of  the  sheep  thus  affected,  letting 
no  hollow  remain,  which  may  collect  the  dirt ;  if  mat- 
ter is  formed  he  particularly  careful  to  let  it  out — Af- 
ter which  take  some  stale  urine  and  wash  their  feet 
quite  clean,  and  wipe  them  with  a  sponge.  Put  th»en 
the  sheep  into  a  house  or  shed,  the  floor  of  which  has 
been  previously  covered  about  two  inches  thick  with 
quick  linm>reduced  to  a  powder  by  means  of  a  small 
quantit^W  water,  the  newer  the  lime  the  better.  Let 
the  sheep  stand  upon  it  six  or  seven  hours  and  the  cure 
will  be  effected. 

SOAP    HARD. 

TO  make  hard  soap  Soda  should  be  dissolved  and 
leached  through  quick  lime.  Six  times  as  much  olive 
oil  or  tallow  are  to  be  add:  d  as  the  quantity  of  Soda 
used.  The  lie  is  then  to  be  gently  boiled,  and 
the  ingredients  will  unite  into  a  hard  white  Soap, 
if  the  carbonic  acid  be  properly  taken  from  the  Soda. 
If  a  quantity  of  rosin  be  added  it  will  form  the  common 
yellow  bar  Soap.  To  make  the  soap  marbled,  soap- 
makers  add  coperas,  cinnabar,  &c.  to  it  before  it  is 
made  into  cakes. 

SPECTACLES. 

GREEN"  glasses  have  been  by  occulfets,  as  well  as 
opticians  almost  invariably  recommended  to  preserve 


is*  sto 

the  sight  in  cases  of  weak  eyes.  It  is  indeed  universal- 
ly admitted  that  a  green  colour  is  highly  grateful  to 
the  eye1  There  is  a  very  essential  difference,  howe- 
ver, between  looking  at,  and  through  green.  A  greater 
exertion  of  the  organ  of  vision  is  unquestionably  re- 
quired in  using  green  than  white  glasses,  on  account  of 
their  opacity.  By  using  green  Spectacles,  especially 
those  of  a  deep  tint,  the  eye  is  subject  to  frequent, 
and  not  inconsiderable  variations  in  respect  to  the  de- 
grees of  light ;  and  every  such  sudden  and  violent 
change,  must  of  necessity  be  detrimental  to  the  organ 
cf  vision.  Green  glasses  can  be  considered  as  serving 
the  purpose  of  a  shade  only,  which  can  more  conven- 
iently be  afforded  by  other  contrivances,  calculated  to 
protect  the  eye  from  the  vivid  rays  of  light.  They 
should,  therefore,  be  reversed  for  urgent  occasions, 
and  only  as  a  relief  to  the  eye,  when  it  feels  uneasy, 
from  excessive  irritation,  and  unusual  exertion.  At 
other  times  plain  white  spectacles  should  Ifcbe  pre- 
ferred. 

STOCX. 

THE  following  general  rules  with  regard  to  the 
size  and  management  of  stock  are  given  by  Sir  John 
Sinclair,  and  are  worthy  of  a  general  attention. 

1.  Animals  intended  for  the  butcher  should  be  kept 
in  a  state  of  regular  improvement.  The  finer  breeds 
are  highly  fed  from  their  birth,  and  are  almost  always 
fat.  With  other  breeds,  and  on  pastures  of  inferiour 
quality,  this  is  neither  necessary  nor  practicable.  But 
in  every  case  the  same  principle  of  improvement  should 
be  adhered  to,  and  such  animals  ought  never  to  be  al- 
lowed to  lose  flesh,  in  the  hope  of  afterwards  restoring 
it  by  better  feeding. 

9.  The  size  should  never  be  above  that  which  the 
jasture  can  support  in  a  thriving  condition.    The  at 


T  H  R— T  I  N 


183 


tempt  to  raise  them  to  an  undue  size,  by  crossing,  has 
been  already  censured.  In  regard  to  size,  the  stock  of 
every  kind,  and  of  all  the  various  breeds  should  be 
proportioned  to  the  quantity,  and  the  quality  of  their 
intended  food. 

3.  The  best  pasture  should  be  allotted  to  that  por- 
tion of  the  stock,  which  goes  first  to  market ;  the  next 
in  quality  to  the  breeders  ;  and  the  coarse  pasture,  to 
the  inferiour  or  growing  stock. 

4.  Great  care  should  be  taken  not  to  overstock  pasture 
which  is  attended  with  great  loss  to  the  farmer,  and 
the  community.  This  ought  to  be  particularly  avoid- 
ed in  regard  to  young  and  growing  animals.  If  they 
are  kept  poor  during  one  part  of  the  year  they  will 
scarcely  thrive  during  the  remainder;  and  when  ill  fed, 
will  never  attain  to  their  proper  size  and  proportion. 

Lastly,  the  food,  whatever  it  may  be  should  not  be 
too  suddenly  changed.  It  is  seldom  profitable,  to  brin* 
lean  animals  immediately  from  coarse  to  rich  pastures* 
and  a  change  from  dry  to  succulent  food,  and  vice  ver- 
sa, should  be  gradually  effected.  A  change  of  pasture 
however  of  the  same  quality,  tends  to  produce  a  great- 
er accumulation  of  fat. 

THROAT,   SORE, 

LET  the  throat  be  steamed  with  hot  water  in 
which  hops  are  infused,  and  apply  the  hops  after  hav- 
ing been  scalded  for  some  time  externally  to  the  diseas- 
ed part  of  the  throat. 

TINCTURE    OP    PERUVIAN    BARK. 

TAKE  of  Peruvian  bark  two  ounees,  Seville  orange 
peel  and  cinnamon  of  each  half  an  ounce.  Infuse  the 
whole  in  a  pint  and  an  half  of  brandy  for  five  or  six 


184  V  A  R— W  E  N— W  0  R 

days,  in  a  dear  vessel,  afterwards  strain  off  the  tine* 
ture. 

TINCTURE   OF   RHUBARB. 

TAKE  half  an  ounce  each  of  powdered  rhubar,b 
myrrh,  and  hiera  picra,  with  a  little  cochineal,  and  put 
them  into  a  bottle  with  one  quart  of  the  best  anise 
Seed  water.  When  it  has  stood  four  days  it  is  fit  for 
use,  and  may  be  taken,  a  small  wine-glass  full  at  a  time 
for  any  pains  in  the  stomach  or  bowels. 

VARNISH  FOR  BOOTS   AND    SHOES. 

ALCOHOL  one  pint,  Gum  Shell  Lac  two  ounces, 
Venice  Turpentine  two  ounces.  The  shell  lac  is  to  be 
finely  powdered  and  put  into  a  flask  or  glass  bottle, 
with  the  other  articles,  and  kept  moderately  warm  a 
number  of  days.  It  should  be  occasionally  shaken. 
When  the  shell  lac  is  dissolved,  add  a  table  spoonful  of 
lamp  black,  and  it  will  be  fit  for  use.  Before  using, 
the  boots  should  be  cleaned  with  a  brush  and  the  var- 
nish is  then  to  be  applied  with  a  sponge. 

WEN. 

ANWOJNTING  the  afflicted  part  with  rattlesnake's 
oil  is  said  to  be  of  great  service. 

WEN   IN    CATTLE. 

RUB  the  part  affected  with  an  Indigo  bag,  which  ha? 
been  some  time  in  use  in  a  dye-pot. 

WORMS. 

SMALL  doses  of  spirits  of  turpentine  are  said  to  be 
sovereign  in  curing  worms. 


INDEX, 


Ants,  how  destroyed       5  % method  of  taking 

Apple  Jelly  161?      honey  from  11 

Apples,  how  preserved    5  | sting  of,how  cured  1  % 

Apples,  sirup  of  161 1  Bells,  how  hung  lb 

Apple  Tree,  how  pro-        \  Beverage,  for  a  weak 

pagated  6*      constitution  164 

Apple  Trees,  best  mode      I  Black  Ball,  how  made     lb 

of  setting  out  lb  i  Blacking,  shining         165 

Apoplexj',  remedy  for  162  5  Black  Tongue,  or  Burnt 
Ascarides,orPinYVorms,      I    tongue,remedyforl3,l66 

remedy  for  lb  i  Botts,  remedies  for  13,  14 

Asparagus,  how  to  cul-      |  Bread,  improvements  in 

tivate  lb  l      making  15,16 

Asthma,  remedies  6,  7,  163  j  Breath,  shortness  of    165 
Barley,    to   increase   a      >  Bruise,  application  for    lb 

crop  of  7 }  Bull,  when  used  lb 

Barn- Yard,    how    con-      I  Bunns,  how  made  166 

structed  lb  !  Burns  and  Scalds,  reme- 

Beans,  how  cultivated     s\      diesfor  16,  17,  166 

Bed  bugs,  how  destroy-      I  Burnt  Clay,  how  made  It 

ed                                 lb  \  Butter,  how  made  lb 

Beef,  mode  of  preserv-      f to  take  the  rancid 

ing,  See  Meat.                |      taste  from  19 

. receipt  for  pick-      t made  from  scald- 
ling  and  curing,        164  5      ed  cream  lb 

Beer,  Spruce  10  | receipt  for  cur- 

Molasses  lb  *      ing  .  20 

Household  lb  5 application  to  a 

Rop]',  how  cured   111      bruise  16£ 

to  feed  and  give  a      i  Cabbages,  how  cultivat-  ' 

fine  flavour  to  lb  |      ed  20 

Pea  pods  in  lb  \ . —    method     of 

Bees,    how    preserved      1      preserving  1$ 

from  worms  or  butter-      <  Cake,     Sponge,      how 

flies  lb  I     made<  16$ 

R 


I8G 


INDEX. 


Canada  Thistes,how  de-     $ 
stroyed  21  5 

Cancer,  remedies  for  \ 
21,  22,  166,  167  ] 
Candles,  to  purify  tal- 
low for  22  \ 
Canker,  in  trees  23  j 
Caterpillars,    remedies 

for  23,24,  167  5 

Cathartic  pill,  mild       167  j 
Gattle,  hoven  or  swol-     5 
lea  25  \ 

Change  of  Seeds  167  | 

Cheese,  method  of  mak-     S 
ing  25  \ 

sage,hovv  made  1 68 

Stilton,     how 


Corks  of  wine  bottles, 

how  secured  36 

Corn,  musty  cure  for  lb 
Corns,  remedies  for  37 
Cosmetic,  elegant  170 
Cotton,  how  died  with 

madder  lb 

Cough,  Whooping,  rem- 
edies for  37,  33 

in  the  early  stage 

of  consumption 


made 

— —  skippers  in, how 
destroyed  lb  \ 

to  prevent  its     | 

having  a  rancid  fla-     f 
vour  29  \ 


Cow,  marks  of  a  good 

one,  &c.  170 

Cramp,  remedy  for       39 

|  Cream,  quantity  &  qual- 

|      ity  of  augmented  19, 43 

|  Croup,remediesfor39,l80 

28  \  Cucumber,  how  raised  4© 

and  squashes 


how     preserved     a- 

gainst  bugs  and  flies  lb 
- to     render 

wholesome  41 

Cud,  lost  by  an  ox  or 

cow  remedy  for       171 


Chilblains,  remedies  for  lb 

China,  how  mended        lb  _ 

Chintz,modetof  washing  30  I  Curculio,  how   to  pre- 

Cholera  Morbus,  reme-      «     serve  fruit  trees  from  41 

dies  for         30,  31,  169  }  Currants,  how  to  culti 
Cider,  how  made 
Cock-Roaches 
Cod  fish,  how  cooked 
Cookies,  how  made 
Coffee,  art  of  making 
* — - —  of    Rye, 


31  | 
33? 

33  I 
169  J 

34  S 


vate 


made 


lb 
Wine,   how 

42 
how 
121 


Shrub 


made 
how      $  Custard,  cheap  and  ex- 
made  114  {      cellent  172 
Cold,  remedies  for  35,  68  i  Dairy  secret  43 
Cholic  Biliousi                lb  *  Deafness,  cure  for,         43 
Consumption  '         36, 38  \  Dentifrice  lb 


INDEX. 


187 


Die,  black  ;,    44 

Dropsy,    remedies   for 

45,  172 
JDrowned  persons,direc- 

tions  for  recovering  46 
Dysentery,      remedies 

for  47,48,172 

Ear  ache,  remedy  for   48  ^  Garlic  sirup  and  oxymel 
Eels,method  of  roasting  lb  $      for  cold  and  Asthmat 


Fowl,  Bombay  method 
of  dressing  57 

Frost-bitten  feet  lb 

Frozen  limbs,  treatment 
of  58 

Fruit  trees,  how  forced 
to  bear  174 


Elder  juice  kills  skip- 


pers, 


&c. 


Eggs,  how  preserved 
mode  of  boiling 


I      ic  Cough 
lb  <  Geese,  how  fed 
lb  \  Gingerbread 
49  J  Glass  seasoning 
Elixir,  Stoughton's         lb  $  Gluten 
Epileptic  electuary,  for      $  Gout,  recipes  for 
the    cure    of  falling      |  Grape  vines 
sickness 
Eyes     inflamed, 


59 

lb 

175 

59 

lb 

60 

175 


50 


cure 


Gravel  remedies  for  60,  61 
Green  Dressing  175 

for  50,  $1, 173 1  Grease  spots,to  remove  $i 

*H — weak  and  weeping  51  5  Gripes  in  Morses  or  Cat- 
Feathers,     bones,    &c.      1      tie  62 

how  coloured  lb  |  Gun  barrels,  to  give  a 

Fellon,  cure  for  5 1 ,  52, 1 73  \      beautiful  brown  to      lb 
Fever,  yellow  remedy      f  Hemorrhage     remedy 

for  52 1      for  63 

i typhus,    remedy     j  Hams,  receipt  for  cur- 

for  52,53?      ing  lb 
.   bilious   remedy      \  Hands  numbed  or  trem- 


for  54 

Film,  cure  for  lb 

Fish  sauce  lb 

Flax,  how  to  dress  to 

look  like  silk  173 
Fleas,  to  keep  off  55 
Flies,  to  destroy  lb 
Founder  in  Cattle,  rem- 
edy for  lb 
Fowls  how  fed 


I      bling  lb 

f  Harrowing  grain  in  the 
I     spring  63 

1  Heart-burn,  remedy  for  64 
<  Hessian    Fly,    remedy 
f      for  65 

I  Horses,  how  to  shoe       lb 

| diseases  in  65,  66, 

135,  138,  139,  155,  159 
6$ 


57  \  Hydrophobia 


188  INDEX. 

Indian  Corn,  to  raise  a      ?  Mead  or  metheglin,how 
great  crop  of  67  I      made  80 

preparation      \  Measles  in  swine,  how 

for  planting  68  I      cured  81 

seeds  of  how      I  Meat,  how   preserved, 


selected  119$      pickled,  &c.  81,82 

Infected  air,  how  purifi-      f when  putrid  how 

ed,  &c.  175 1      cured  81 

Influenza,    Coughs    or      \ Russian  mode   of 

Colds,  cure  for  68  I      salting  83 

Ink,  indelible  lb  < preserved*    in 

a  good  writing  69,  176  I      snow  129 

Ink  Powder  69  | cakes,  how  made    84 

Insects  that  infest  apple      j  Mildew,     or     rust     in 

trees  lb  |     wheat  1 1 1 

Iron  Stoves,  cracks  in,      |  Moles,  how  guarded  a- 

how  mended  70  J      gainst  84 

Itch,  cure  for       17©,  177  I  Moths,  to  preserve  furs 
See  likewise,  Ointmeat.      \      &  wo©lens  from  84,  177 
Jaundice,      cures     for     |  Murrain,  remedies  for   85 

70,  71,  177  5  Muslin,    a    composition 
Lambs  not,    owned  by      |      for  washing  lb 

their  dams,  how  fed  72  iMusquetoes,  to  prevent 

shearing  of  lb  \      the  bite  of  86 

Leather,  how  made  wa-      \  Mustard,  how  mixed       lb 
ter  proof  72,  73  \  Nail,  to  extract  poison 

— ; German   mode      <      from  87 

of  blacking  73  \  Nettle,  virtues  of  lb 

Lice  on  Apple  Trees      lb  \  Oil   essential,  how  ob- 

on  Cattle  74  <      tained  from  flowers    88 

Lip  Salve  lb  \  Oil  or  Tallow,  how  ex- 

Lock  Jaw  lb  I      traeted  from  papers, 

Lungs,  weakness  of        lb  S      &c.  «,  lb 

Mangoes,  how  made       75  >  Oil  of  balsam  of  Gilead, 
Manure,  on  the  different      \      how  obtained  89 

kinds,  &c.  76  $  Ointment  for  Itch  89,  176 

Maple      sugar,      how        U for  excoriations  8  6 

made  79  }  — ~- —  for  ulcers,  &c.  178 


INDEX. 


189 


Ointment    for    weak 
joints  178 

for  the  piles     179 

for    Scab    in 

sheep  116 

Opodeldoc,  how  made    90 
Panada  178 

Pancakes,  of  Rice  90 

of  a  pink  colour  lb 

Paper,  water  proof       9L ! 

hangings,  to  clean  Id  j 

Plaster  of  Paris  lb  \ 

Pease  Split  92  j 

Peas,  Russian  mode  of 

preserving"  green 
Pickle,  Pococke's 
Hambro 


Pickling,  receipt  for 


Ib\ 
93  i 

lb\ 
94 
Piles,  cure  for       94,  !?9i 
Pimpled  face  cure  for   94  \ 
Plate,  silver,  to  give  lus-   :  I 

tre  to  95  \ 

Plum  cake,  how  made  179  \ 
Plums  peaches,  he.  how      < 

kept  fresh  95  I 

Poisons,  remedies  95,  179  j 
Poll  evil,  in  horses  97  | 
Pomatum,  how  made  lb  * 
Potatoes,  late  make  the      S 

best  seed  lb  s 
how  to  obtain      j 

new  varieties  98  5 

— to  raise  early    lb  | 

a  good  method      \ 

of  planting  lb  \ 

harvesting        99  1 

— feeding  stock      i 

with  lb  < 


Potatoe  Pudding  99 

Starch  100 

Poultry,  on  feeding  lb 
Pruning  fruit  trees  lb 
Puddings,  various  kinds 

101,  179,  180 
Pumpkin  seeds,  oil  from 

102 
Radishes,  lb 

Rattles,  or  Croup,  39,  180 
Rats,  modes  of  destroy- 
ing 102 
Rattle  snake,   cure  for 

the  bite  of  103 

Rennet  how  made  lb 

Rheum,  Salt,  remedies 

for  115 

Rheumatism,   remedies 

for  105,  180 

Rice  Jelly  106 

Ring   worm,   cure    for 

106,  180 
Rocks,  blasting  of  107 
Rollers,  use  of  lb 
Rolls,  how  made  180 
Roofs  of  houses,  mate- 
rials for  109 
Rotation  of  crops  lb 
Rowell  in  horses  1 10 
Rust  in  wheat  1 1 1 
Rye  mode  of  sowing  113 
spring,  how  to  pre- 
vent its  blasting  lb 
Rye  Coffee  1 1 4 
Salt  for  manure  lb 
Salt  Rheum,  remedies 

for  115 

Sand,  uses  of  lb 


190  INDEX. 


Sausages,  Bologna,  how      |  Snuff,    Cephalic,     how 
made  116?      made  129 

Scab  in  sheep,  ointment      j Collins*   Cephalic 

for  116,  ll^j      how  made  130 

Sciatica,  remedy  for    117*  Soap,  receipt  for  mak- 
Scouring  in   Horses       66  \      ing  lb 

Scratches    in   Horses        \ hard,  how  made  181 

66,  117,  118  | saving  of  131 

Scurvy,  sirup  for         122  \  Soda,  in  washing  lb 

Sealing  wax,  how  made      \  Soiling  lb 

1 1 8  i  Soot,  its  uses  in  Agricul- 
Seeds,  how  preserved    lb  >      ture  133 

— —   of  Indian    corn      5  Sowing,  directions  con- 
bow  selected  119 1      cerning  134 
Shad,  how  fried  with-      *  Spavins  in  Horses         135 

out  butter  or  lard      1 S I  |  Spectacles,   directions 
Sheep,  scab  in      115,119?      relating  to  181 

— -  foot  rot  in,  cure      *  Spitting  of  blood  from 
for  181  |      the  lungs  13§ 


. 


nsn,  looaior      uogcpots  oi    oil  removed 

Ticks,  remedies      \     from  books,  &c.  76 

for  1 20  I how  removed  from 

smearing  of         lb  \      woollen  cloths  &c. 


Shoe  blacking!21, 164,165  j  136,  137 

Shoeing  horses  65  $ of  Ink,  how  remo- 

Shrub,  with  brandy   or      j      ved  137 

rum  121  s  —  iron  mould,  how 

■ Currant  lb  t      removed  lb 

Sick    head   ache,  pills      f  Sprains,  cure  for  138 

for  122  <  js taggers  in  horses  lb 

Sirup  for  coughs  lb  \  Stains,  ink,  how  taken 

of  sugar  lb\      from  mahogany        130 

—  for  scurvy  lb  |  Starch,  how  made  lb 

Size  and  form  of  stock  123?  Steel,  mode   of  polish- 
Slaughtering  of  cattle  128  |      ing  140 
Smut  in  gram                152  S  Stifle  in  a  horse  139 
Snow,  to  preserve  meat     j  St.  Anthony's  fire,  cure 

in.  •  129 1      for    '  139,  140 


INDEX. 


191 


Stock,  rules  for  manag-      i  Vinegar  of  orange  flow- 
ing 182  5 

Stone,  cures  for  140,  141  \ 

Strain,  in  an  ox  by  over-      \ 
drawing,  cure  for     14 1  I 

Straw,  mode -of  whiten-      j 
ing  lb  \ 

Stubble,  burning  of     142  j 
143  J 


ers  150 

Warts  or  Corns  reme- 
dies for  150,151 
Weeds,  how  destroyed    lb 
Wen,   Indian  mode   of 
curing  lb 

another  remedy 

for  184 


144  l in  cattle,  remedy 

lb  I     for  lb 


Swine,  fatting  of 

Tanning  leather 

Tea,  economy  in 

Tea  kettles,  to  remove      f  Wheat,  disorders  in      152 

lime  from  lb  >  Wheezing  in  horses     155 

Teeth,  to  cleanse         145  ?  Whooping  Cough  37 

to  preserve        lb  i  Wmdgalls,  lemedies  for 

Throat,  sore  35,  183 1  155 

Tincture    of  Peruvian      S  Wine,  white  currant     156 

bark  lb  |  Wood,   new    mode    of 

. * — of  rhubarb     184  | 


Tools,  how  tempered  145 
Tooth  ache,   remedies      J 

for  146  J 

Top  dressing  1 47  5 

Trees,  new  method  of     | 

inoculating  148 1 

Turkies,  how  raised       lb  j 
Turnips,  how  preserv-      I 

ed  from  insects         149  } 
Varnish  for  boots   and 

shoes 


preserving  157 
Worms  in  agriculture  lb 
in   the   human 

species  i58,  184 
in  the  head  of 

sheep  1 59 


Vinegar  of  ros*s  149  ] 


$  Wounds,  a  remedy  for 
\  and  preventative  of 
I      Jock  jaw  lb 

\  Yellows  in  horses  lb 

|  Yellow,  patent  160 

184  |  Yest,  how  made  in  Per- 


sia 


to 


ERRATA 

Page  8,  line  17  from  the  top,  for  "week"  reao 

pack. 

Page  101,  line  6  from  the  bottom,  for  "butter"  rea-d 
batter. 

Page  148,  line  4  from  the  top,  for  "back"  read  bark 


